Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society
, by Levinthal, Charles F.- ISBN: 9780205959334 | 0205959334
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 6/26/2013
Provides students with a deeper understanding of what impacts drug use.
The eighth edition of Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society examines the impact of drug-taking behavior on our society and our daily lives. The use and abuse of a wide range of licit and illicit drugs are discussed from historical, biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives.
In today's world, drugs and their use present a social paradox, combining the potential for good and for bad. As a society and as individuals, we can be the beneficiaries of drugs or their victims. This text features a comprehensive review of psychoactive drugs, and is notable for the attention it gives to two aspects of drug-taking behavior that have been underreported in other texts: steroid abuse and inhalant abuse.
This text is available in a variety of formats — digital and print. Pearson offers its titles on the devices students love through CourseSmart, Amazon, and more.
Learning Goals
Upon completing this book, readers will be able to:
- Understand the impact of drug use on behavior and society.
- Examine the pros and cons to drug use.
In this Section:
1. Brief Table of Contents
2. Full Table of Contents
1. Brief Table of Contents
PART ONE: Drugs in Society/Drugs in Our Lives
CHAPTER 1: Drugs and Behavior Today
CHAPTER 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: The Personal and Social Concerns
CHAPTER 3: How Drugs Work in the Body and on the Mind
PART TWO: Legally Restricted Drugs in Our Society
CHAPTER 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines
CHAPTER 5: Narcotics: Opium, Heroin, and Synthetic Opiates
CHAPTER 6: LSD and Other Hallucinogens
CHAPTER 7: Marijuana
PART THREE: Legal Drugs in Our Society
CHAPTER 8: Alcohol: Social Beverage/Social Drug
CHAPTER 10: Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
CHAPTER 11: Nicotine and Tobacco Use
PART FOUR: Enhancers and Depressants
CHAPTER 12: Performance Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing in Sports
CHAPTER 13: Depressents and Inhalants
PART FIVE: Medicinal Drugs
CHAPTER 14: Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Dietary Supplements
CHAPTER 15: Drugs for Treating Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
PART SIX: Prevention and Treatment
CHAPTER 16: Substance-Abuse Prevention
CHAPTER 17: Substance-Abuse Treatment: Strategies for Change
2. Full Table of Contents
Part One: Drugs in Society/Drugs in Our Lives
Chapter 1: Drugs and Behavior Today
Social Messages about Drug Use
Two Ways of Looking at Drugs and Behavior
HEALTH LINE: Defining Drugs: Olive Oil, Curry Powder, and a Little Grapefruit?
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Drug Abuse and the College Student: An Assessment Tool
Drugs in Early Times
Drugs in the Nineteenth Century
Drugs and Behavior in the Twentieth Century
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 1.1: Understanding the History of Drugs and Behavior
Present-Day Attitudes toward Drugs
Patterns of Drug Use in the United States
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 1.2: Understanding Present-Day Drug Use in the United States 19
Making the Decision to Use Drugs
Present-day Concerns
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Facts about Club Drugs
CHAPTER 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: Personal and Social Issues
Drug Toxicity
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Acute Toxicity in the News: Drug-Related Deaths
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 2.1: Understanding Dose-Response Curves
The DAWN Reports
From Acute Toxicity to Chronic Toxicity
Behavioral Tolerance and Drug Overdose
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 2.2: Understanding Behavioral Tolerance through Conditioning
Physical and Psychological Dependence
Diagnosing Drug-related Problems: The Health Professional’s Perspective
Special Circumstances in Drug Abuse
HEALTH LINE: Effects of Psychoactive Drugs on Pregnant Women and Newborns
Drugs, Violence, and Crime
Governmental Policy, Regulation, and Laws
PORTRAIT: Pablo Escobar – Formerly Known as the Colombian King of Cocaine
Drug Law Enforcement and Global Politics
HEALTH LINE: Harm Reduction as a National Drug-Abuse Policy
CHAPTER 3: How Drugs Work in the Body and on the Mind
How Drugs Enter the Body
How Drugs Exit the Body
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Ways to Take Drugs: Routes of Administration
Factors Determining the Behavioral Impact of Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.1: Understanding Drug Interactions
HEALTH ALERT: Adverse Effects of Drug–Drug and Food–Drug Combinations
Introducing the Nervous System
Understanding the Brain
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.2: Understanding Drugs and Brain Functioning
Understanding the Neurochemistry of Psychoactive Drugs
Physiological Aspects of Drug-Taking Behavior
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Endorphins, Endocannainoids, and the “Runner’s High”
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.3: Understanding Cross-Tolerance and Cross-Dependence
HEALTH LINE: Drug Craving and the Insula of the Brain
Psychological Factors in Drug-Taking Behavior
PORTRAIT: Nora D. Volkow—A Scientist-General in the War on Drugs
Part Two: Legally Restricted Drugs in Our Society
Chapter 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines
The History of Cocaine
HEALTH ALERT: Cocaine after Alcohol: The Risk of Cocaethylene Toxicity
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: What Happened to the Coca in Coca-Cola?
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 4.1: Understanding the History of Cocaine
Acute Effects of Cocaine
Chronic Effects of Cocaine
HEALTH ALERT: The Physical Signs of Possible Cocaine Abuse
Medical Uses of Cocaine
How Cocaine Works in the Brain
Present-Day Cocaine Abuse
Patterns of Cocaine Abuse
Treatment Programs for Cocaine Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Paco: A Cheap New Form of Cocaine Floods Argentine Slums and Beyond
PORTRAIT: Robert Downey Jr. and Others—Cleaning Up after Cocaine
Amphetamines
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Crack Babies Revisited: What Are the Effects?
Acute Effects of Amphetamines
Chronic Effects of Amphetamines
Present-Day Patterns of Methamphetamine Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Methamphetamine and the Heartland of America
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 4.2: Understanding Patterns of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Abuse
Medical Uses for Amphetamines and Similar Stimulant Drugs
HEALTH LINE: Stimulant Medications as “Smart Pills”
Chapter 5: Opioids: Opium, Heroin, and Opioid Pain Medications
Opium in History
Morphine and the Advent of Heroin
Opioids in American Society
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 5.1: Understanding the History of Opium and Opioids
Effects on the Mind and the Body
How Opioids Work in the Brain
Patterns of Heroin Abuse
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 5.2: Understanding the Effects of Administering and Withdrawing Heroin
Heroin Abuse and Society
Treatment for Heroin Abuse
HEALTH ALERT: Sustained-Release Buprenorphine: A New Era in Heroin-Abuse Treatment
Medical Uses of Opioid Drugs
PORTRAIT: David Laffer --- Pharmacy Robber and Killer of Four
Chapter 6: LSD and Other Hallucinogens
A Matter of Definition
Classifying Hallucinogens
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Strange Days in Salem: Witchcraft or Hallucinogens?
PORTRAIT: Timothy Leary—Nutty Professor, Visionary, or Simply a Charlatan?
Facts and Fiction about LSD
HEALTH ALERT: Emergency Guidelines for a Bad Trip on LSD
Psilocybin and Other Hallucinogens Related to Serotonin
HEALTH LINE: Bufotenine and the Bufo Toad
Hallucinogens Related to Norepinephrine
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Present-Day Peyotism and the Native American Church
HEALTH ALERT: MDMA Toxicity: The Other Side of Ecstasy
Hallucinogens Related to Acetylcholine
Miscellaneous Hallucinogens
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 6.1: Understanding the Diversity of Hallucinogens
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 6.2: Understanding PCP
CHAPTER 7: Marijuana
A Matter of Terminology
The History of Marijuana and Hashish
Acute Effects of Marijuana
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 7.1: Understanding the Effects of Marijuana
Effects of Marijuana on the Brain
DRUGS…IN FOCUS: The neurochemical “Yin and Yang” of Cannabis
Chronic Effects of Marijuana
The Gateway Hypothesis
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 7.2: Understanding the Adverse Effects of Chronic Marijuana Abuse
Patterns of Marijuana Smoking
Causes for Concern
HEALTH ALERT: A Synthetic Marijuana called Spice
Medical Marijuana
PORTRAIT: Marcy Dolin --- Marijuana Self-Medicator
The Issues of Decriminalization and Legalization
Part Three: Legal Drugs in Our Society
Chapter 8: Alcohol: Social Beverage/Social Drug
What Makes an Alcoholic Beverage?
Alcohol Use through History
Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Today
HEALTH LINE: Multiple Ways of Getting a Standard Drink
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Visualizing the Pattern of Alcohol Consumption in the United States
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 8.1: Understanding Alcoholic Beverages
The Pharmacology of Alcohol
HEALTH LINE: Gender, Race, and Medication: Factors in Alcohol Metabolism
Effects of Alcohol on the Brain
Acute Physiological Effects
HEALTH ALERT: Emergency Signs and Procedures in Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Acute Behavioral Effects
PORTRAIT: Candace Lightner—Founder of MADD
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Alcohol, Security, and Spectator Sports
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Caffeine, Alcohol, and the Dangers of Caffeinated Alcoholic Drinks
Alcohol and Health Benefits
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 8.2: Understanding the Data from Balanced Placebo Designs
Strategies for Responsible Drinking
HEALTH ALERT: Guidelines for Responsible Drinking
Chapter 9: Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Alcoholism: Stereotypes, Definitions, and Life Problems
HEALTH LINE: A Self-Administered Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST)
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 9.1: Understanding the Psychology of Alcoholism
Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence: The Health Professional’s Perspective
Physiological Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use
HEALTH LINE: Alcoholism Screening Instruments in Professional Use
Patterns of Chronic Alcohol Abuse
The Genetics of Alcoholism
The Concept of Alcoholism as a Disease
Approaches to Treatment for Alcoholism
PORTRAIT: Bill W. and Dr. Bob—Founders of Alcoholics Anonymous
HEALTH LINE: Is Controlled Drinking Possible for Alcoholics?
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: The Non-Disease Model of Alcoholism and Other Patterns of Substance Abuse
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 9.2: Understanding Alcoholics Anonymous
Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in the Workplace
Chapter 10: Nicotine and Tobacco Use
Tobacco Use through History
Health Concerns and Smoking Behavior
HEALTH LINE: African Americans, Smoking, and Mentholated Cigarettes
The Tobacco Industry Today
What’s in Tobacco?
The Dependence Potential of Nicotine
Health Consequences of Tobacco Use
HEALTH LINE: Visualizing 400,000 to 440,000 Annual Tobacco-Related Deaths
HEALTH ALERT: Signs of Trouble from Smokeless Tobacco
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 10.1: Understanding the Effects of Tobacco Smoking
Patterns of Smoking Behavior and Use of Smokeless Tobacco
PORTRAIT: Sigmund Freud—Nicotine Dependence, Cigars, and Cancer
Quitting Smoking: The Good News and the Bad
HEALTH LINE: How to Suceed in Quitting Smoking --- By Really Trying
Chapter 11: Caffeine
Coffee
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Why There Are No (Live) Flies in Your Coffee
Tea
Chocolate
HEALTH LINE: Chocolate, Flavanols and Cardiovascular Health
PORTRAIT: Milton S. Hershey and the Town Built on Chocolate
Soft Drinks
Caffeine from OTC Drugs and Other Products
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 11.1: Understanding Caffeine Levels in Foods and Beverages
Caffeine as a Drug
Potential Health Benefits
Potential Health Risks
HEALTH LINE: Coffee, Genes, and Heart Attacks
Dependence, Acute Toxicity, and Medical Applications
Caffeine and Young People A Special Concern
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Energy Shots
Part Four: Enhancers and Depressants
Chapter 12: Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing in Sports
Drug-Taking Behavior in Sports
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Gene Doping: Disqualified by Your DNA
PORTRAIT: Lance Armstrong: From Honor to Dishonor
Performance-Enhancing Drug Abuse and Baseball
The Hazards of Anabolic Steroids 296
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Suspension Penalties for Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Sports
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 12.1: Understanding the Effects of Anabolic Steroids
Patterns of Anabolic Steroid Abuse
HEALTH ALERT: The Symptoms of Steroid Abuse
Nonsteroid Hormones and Performance-Enhancing Supplements
Nonmedical Use of Stimulant Medication in Baseball
Current Drug-Testing Procedures and Policies
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: THG and the War on Performance-Enhancing Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 12.2: Understanding Drug Testing
The Social Context of Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Chapter 13: Depressants and Inhalants
Barbiturates
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Is There Any Truth in “Truth Serum”?
Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotics
The Development of Antianxiety Drugs
Benzodiazepines
HEALTH ALERT: The Dangers of Rohypnol as a Date-Rape Drug
Nonbenzodiazepine Depressants
A Special Alert: The Risks of GHB
PORTRAIT: Patricia White, GHB, and the “Perfect” Crime
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 13.1: Understanding the Abuse Potential in Drugs
Inhalants through History
Glue, Solvent, and Aerosol Inhalation
HEALTH ALERT: The Signs of Possible Inhalant Abuse
Patterns of Inhalant Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Resistol and Resistoleros in Latin America
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 13.2: Understanding the History of Inhalants
Part Five: Medicinal Drugs
Chapter 14: Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Dietary Supplements
The History of Prescription Drug Regulations
Procedures for Approving Prescription Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 14.1: Understanding the FDA Approval Process
Are FDA-Approved Drugs Safe? 346
HEALTH LINE: The Potential for Death by Prescription Error
HEALTH LINE: Doctor-Shopping and Prescription Pain Medications
Major OTC Analgesic Drugs 349
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 14.2: Understanding OTC Analgesic Drugs
Other Major Classes of OTC Drugs
The Pharmaceutical Industry Today
Dietary Supplements
PORTRAIT: Ryan Haight and the Ryan Haight Act of 2008
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: What We Know about Nine Herbal Supplements
Chapter 15: Drugs for Treating Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
The Biomedical Model
Antipsychotic Drugs and Schizophrenia
The Symptoms of Schizophrenia
HEALTH LINE: Mercury Poisoning: On Being Mad as a Hatter
Drugs Used to Treat Depression
PORTRAIT: The Melancholy President—Abraham Lincoln, Depression, and Those “Little Blue Pills
HEALTH ALERT: SSRI Antidepressants and Elevated Risk of Suicide among Children and Adolescents
Drugs for Other Types of Mental Disorders
CONCEPT CHECK 15.1: Understanding the Biochemistry of Mental Illness
QUICK
Psychiatric Drugs, Social Policy, and Deinstitutionalization
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Psychiatric Drugs and the Civil Liberties Debate
Part Six: Prevention and Treatment
Chapter 16: Substance-Abuse Prevention
Levels of Intervention in Substance-Abuse Prevention
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 16.1: Understanding Levels of Intervention in Substance-Abuse Prevention Programs
Strategies for Substance-Abuse Prevention
HEALTH LINE: The Public Health Model and the Analogy of Infectious Disease Control
PORTRAIT: Dr. A. Thomas McLellan Goes to Washington (briefly)
Lessons from the Past: Prevention Approaches That Have Failed
Hope and Promise: Components of Effective School-Based Prevention Programs
HEALTH LINE: Peer-Refusal Skills: Ten Ways to Make It Easier to Say No
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 16.2: Understanding Primary Prevention and Education
Community-Based Prevention Programs
Family Systems in Primary and Secondary Prevention
DRUGS…IN FOCUS: Substance Use and Abuse among Young Mothers
Multicultural Issues in Primary and Secondary Prevention
Substance-Abuse Prevention in the Workplace
Yes, You: Substance-Abuse Prevention and the College Student
HEALTH LINE: Alcohol 101 on College Campuses
Substance-Abuse Prevention Information
Summary 400 / Key Terms 401 / Endnotes
POINT/COUNTERPOINT V: Should We Continue to D.A.R.E. or Shouldn’t We?
Chapter 17: Substance-Abuse Treatment: Strategies for Change
Designing Effective Substance-Abuse Treatment Programs
The Biopsychosocial Model for Substance-Abuse Treatment
Intervention through Incarceration and Other Punitive Measures
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Penalties for Crack versus Penalties for Powder Cocaine: Correcting an Injustice
PORTRAIT: Monsignor William O’Brien—Founder of Daytop Village
Substance-Abuse Treatment in the Workplace
The Personal Journey to Treatment and Recovery
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 17.1: Understanding the Stages of Change in Substance-Abuse Treatment
The Impact of Family Systems on Treatment and Recovery
HEALTH ALERT: Coping with a Child’s Abuse of Alcohol or Other Drugs: What Parents Should and Should Not Do
Finding the Right Substance-Abuse Treatment Program
Needing versus Receiving Substance-Abuse Treatment
A Final Note: For Those Who Need Help . . .
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