Dual Relationships and Psychotherapy

Text challenges some of the basic principles of clinical codes of ethical conduct established for psychiatrists, psychologists, and other mental health workers. Case studies demonstrate how nonsexual dual relationships may result in increased trust, familiarity, and therapeutic effectiveness.

Contributors

ix

Foreword

xix

Patrick H. DeLeon

Acknowledgments

xxv

Introduction

xxvii

Part 1: Overview and Controversies of Dual Relationships and Psychotherapy

Six Arguments Against Dual Relationships and Their Rebuttals

3

(22)

Ofer Zur

Arnold A. Lazarus

How Certain Boundaries and Ethics Diminish Therapeutic Effectiveness

25

(7)

Arnold A. Lazarus

The Ethics of Dual Relationships

32

(12)

Karl Tomm

In Celebration of Dual Relationships: How Prohibition of Nonsexual Dual Relationships Increases the Chance of Exploitation and Harm

44

(11)

Ofer Zur

Part 2: The Ethics of Dual Relationships

The Truth About the Codes of Ethics: Dispelling the Rumors That Dual Relationships Are Unethical

55

(9)

Ofer Zur

Boundary Violations: Do Some Contended Standards of Care Fail to Encompass Commonplace Procedures of Humanistic, Behavioral, and Eclectic Psychotherapies?

64

(24)

Martin H. Williams

Out-of-Office Experience: When Crossing Office Boundaries and Engaging in Dual Relationships Are Clinically Beneficial and Ethically Sound

88

(10)

Ofer Zur

The Multiple Roles and Relationships of Ethical Psychotherapy: Revisiting the Ideal, the Real, and the Unethical

98

(17)

Simon Shimshon Rubin

Part 3: Boundaries

The Psychotherapist and the Quest for Power: How Boundaries Have Become an Obsession

115

(25)

Tana Dineen

How Do You Like These Boundaries?

140

(6)

Arnold A. Lazarus

The Case Against Boundaries in Psychotherapy

146

(23)

Allen Fay

Part 4: Laws, Boards, Ethics, and Other Forensic Matters

Dual-Relationship Prohibitions: A Concept Whose Time Never Should Have Come

169

(43)

Bruce W. Ebert

Can Boards of Examiners Constitute the Ultimate, Harmful Multiple Relationship?

212

(12)

T. Richard Saunders

Multiple Relationships: A Malpractice Plaintiff's Litigation Strategy

224

(15)

Martin H. Williams

Psychologists, Licensing Boards, Ethics Committees, and Dehumanizing Attitudes: With Special Reference to Dual Relationships

239

(10)

Arnold A. Lazarus

Dueling Over Dual Relationships

249

(8)

John Fleer

Are Dual Relationships Antitherapeutic?

257

(16)

Alan W. Scheflin

Part 5: Dual Relationships in Special Populations

Nonsexual Dual Relationships in Professional Practice, With Special Applications to Rural and Military Communities

273

(14)

Jeffrey E. Barnett

Barbara A. Yutrzenka

Dual Relationships in the Deaf Community: When Dual Relationships Are Unavoidable and Essential

287

(11)

Debra Guthmann

Katherine A. Sandberg

Sanity and Sanctity: The Counselor and Multiple Relationships in the Church

298

(17)

Russ Llewellyn

Multiple Relationships in Military Psychology

315

(14)

Ofer Zur

Steve Gonzalez

Dual Relationships in Psychotherapy in Latin America

329

(8)

Roberto Kertesz

Part 6: Dual Relationships in University Counseling Centers

Dual Relationships and University Counseling Center Environments

337

(11)

Rafael S. Harris Jr.

The Shirtless Jock Therapist and the Bikini-Clad Client: An Exploration of Chance Extratherapeutic Encounters

348

(12)

Scott M. Hyman

College and University Student Counseling Centers: Inevitable Boundary Shifts and Dual Roles

360

(21)

Miriam Iosupovici

Equilla Luke

Part 7: Special Dual Relationships

The Therapist as Matchmaker

381

(13)

Clifford N. Lazarus

Bartering

394

(15)

J. Lawrence Thomas

Authorization to Continue: A Posttermination Friendship Evolves

409

(16)

Marjorie Goldin

Part 8: Feminist Perspective on Dual Relationships

Out of Bounds

425

(7)

Miriam Greenspan

Feminist Ethics, Boundary Crossings, Dual Relationships, and Victims of Violence

432

(17)

Lenore E. A. Walker

Part 9: A Final Peek Behind the Scenes

How Consensus Regarding the Prohibition of Dual Relationships Has Been Contrived

449

(14)

Ofer Zur

The Last Word

463

(6)

Nicholas A. Cummings

Appendix A: Summary of Key Points

469

(4)

Appendix B: Guidelines to Nonsexual Dual Relationships in Psychotherapy

473

(4)

Author Index

477

(8)

Subject Index

485

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Dual Relationships and Psychotherapy

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials