Dynamic Food Webs

Dynamic Food Webs focuses on the dynamics of interacting predators and prey in community food webs. Food webs may form highly complex networks that may contain hundreds or thousands of such trophic interactions. The editors brilliantly highlight approaches to understand the structure and functioning of food webs on the basis of detailed analyses of biological properties of individuals, populations, and communities. Much emphasis is on understanding food web structure and stability.

Peter C. de Ruiter is a Professor of Environmental Sciences at the Utrecht University, The Netherlands Volkmar Wolters is a Professor of Animal Ecology at the Justus-Liebig-University in Giessen, Germany John C. Moore is a Professor of Biology and Director of the Mathematics and Science Teaching (MAST) Institute at the University of Northern Colorado

List of Contributors

xi

Section 1: Introduction

1.0 Tribute

1

(2)

Kevin McCann, Mariano Koen-Alonso, Alan Hastings, and John C. Moore

1.1 Dynamic Food Webs

3

(7)

Peter C. de Ruiter, Volkmar Wolters, and John C. Moore

1.2 Food Web Science: Moving on the Path from Abstraction to Prediction

10

(14)

Kirk O. Winemiller and Craig A. Layman

Section 2: Dynamic Food Web Structures

2.0 Introduction to Section 2: Dynamic Food Web Structures

24

(3)

Variations in Community Architecture as Stabilizing Mechanisms of Food Webs

John C. Moore

2.1 From Food Webs to Ecological Networks: Linking Non-Linear Trophic Interactions with Nutrient Competition

27

(10)

Ulrich Brose, Eric L. Berlow, and Neo D. Martinez

2.2 Food Web Architecture and Its Effects on Consumer Resource Oscillations in Experimental Pond Ecosystems

37

(11)

Mathew A. Leibold, Spencer R. Hall, and Ottar Bjornstad

2.3 Food Web Structure: From Scale Invariance to Scale Dependence, and Back Again?

48

(8)

Carolin Banašek-Richter, Marie-France Cattin, and Louis-Félix Bersier

2.4 The Role of Space, Time, and Variability in Food Web Dynamics

56

(15)

Kevin McCann, Joe Rasmussen, James Umbanhowar, and Murray Humphries

Section 3: Population Dynamics and Food Webs

3.0 Introduction to Section 3: Population Dynamics and Food Webs

71

(3)

Population Dynamics and Food Webs: Drifting Away from the Lotka-Volterra Paradigm

Giorgos D. Kokkoris

3.1 Modelling Evolving Food Webs

74

(15)

Alan J. McKane and Barbara Drossel

3.2 The Influence of Individual Growth and Development on the Structure of Ecological Communities

89

(12)

André M. de Roos and Lennart Persson

3.3 Linking Flexible Food Web Structure to Population Stability: A Theoretical Consideration on Adaptive Food Webs

101

(13)

Michio Kondoh

3.4 Inducible Defenses in Food Webs

114

(14)

Matthijs Vos, Bob W. Kooi, Don L. DeAngelis, and Wolf M. Mooij

Section 4: Body Size and Food Webs

4.0 Introduction to Section 4: Body Size and Food Webs

Wearing Elton's Wellingtons: Why Body Size Still Matters in Food Webs

128

(9)

Philip H. Warren

4.1 Species' Average Body Mass and Numerical Abundance in a Community Food Web: Statistical Questions in Estimating the Relationship

137

(20)

Joel E. Cohen and Stephen R. Carpenter

4.2 Body Size Scalings and the Dynamics of Ecological Systems

157

(10)

Lennart Persson and André M. de Roos

4.3 Body Size, Interaction Strength, and Food Web Dynamics

167

(12)

Mark C. Emmerson, José M. Montoya, and Guy Woodward

4.4 Body Size Determinants of the Structure and Dynamics of Ecological Networks: Scaling from the Individual to the Ecosystem

179

(19)

Guy Woodward, Bo Ebenman, Mark C. Emmerson, José M. Montoya, J.M. Olesen, A. Valido, and Philip H. Warren

Section 5: Nutrient and Resource Dynamics and Food Webs

5.0 Introduction to Section 5: Nutrient and Resource Dynamics and Food Webs

198

(3)

Understanding the Mutual Relationships Between the Dynamics of Food Webs, Resources, and Nutrients

Tobias Purtauf and Stefan Scheu

5.1 Variability in Soil Food Web Structure Across Time and Space

201

(10)

Janne Bengtsson and Matty P. Berg

5.2 Functional Roles of Leaf Litter Detritus in Terrestrial Food Webs

211

(12)

John L. Sabo, Candan U. Soykan, and Andrew Keller

5.3 Stability and Interaction Strength Within Soil Food Webs of a European Forest Transect: The Impact of N Deposition

223

(12)

Dagmar Schröter and Stefan C. Dekker

5.4 Differential Effects of Consumers on C,N, and P Dynamics: Insights from Long-Term Research

235

(13)

Wyatt F. Cross, Amy D. Rosemond, Jonathan P. Benstead, Sue L. Eggert, and J. Bruce Wallace

5.5 Measuring the Ability of Food to Fuel Work on Ecosystems

248

(10)

Steven H. Cousins, Kathryn V. Bracewell, and Kevin Attree

5.6 Towards a New Generation of Dynamical Soil Decomposer Food Web Models

258

(9)

Stefan C. Dekker, Stefan Scheu, Dagmar Schröter, Heikki Setälä, Maciej Szanser, and Theo P. Traas

Section 6: Biodiversity and Food Web Structure and Function

6.0 Introduction to Section 6: Biodiversity and Food Web Structure and Function

267

(3)

Food Webs, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Functioning

Peter J. Morin

6.1 Food Webs and the Relationship Between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning

270

(13)

Michel Loreau and Elisa Thébault

6.2 Biodiversity, Food Web Structure, and the Partitioning of Biomass Within and Among Trophic Levels

283

(12)

Jeremy W. Fox

6.3 Trophic Position, Biotic Context, and Abiotic Factors Determine Species Contributions to Ecosystem Functioning

295

(13)

Amy Downing and J. Timothy Wootton

6.4 Does Biological Complexity Relate to Functional Attributes of Soil Food Webs?

308

(13)

Heikki Setälä

6.5 Diversity, Productivity, and Invasibility Relationships in Rock Pool Food Webs

321

(13)

Beatrix L. Beisner and Tamara N. Romanuk

6.6 Measuring the Functional Diversity of Food Webs

334

(14)

Owen L. Petchey, Jill McGrady-Steed, and Peter J. Morin

Section 7 Environmental Change, Perturbations, and Food Webs

7.0 Introduction to Section 7: Environmental Change, Perturbations, and Food Webs

Tracing Perturbation Effects in Food Webs: The Potential and Limitation of Experimental Approaches

348

(6)

Dave Raffaelli

7.1 Insight into Pollution Effects in Complex Riverine Habitats: A Role for Food Web Experiments

354

(15)

Joseph M. Culp, Nancy E. Glozier, Kevin J. Cash, and Donald J. Baird

7.2 Perturbations and Indirect Effects in Complex Food Webs

369

(12)

José M. Montoya, Mark C. Emmerson, Ricard V. Solé, and Guy Woodward

7.3 Dealing with Model Uncertainty in Trophodynamic Models: A Patagonian Example

381

(14)

Mariano Koen-Alonso and Peter Yodzis

7.4 Describing a Species-Rich River Food Web Using Stable Isotopes, Stomach Contents, and Functional Experiments

395

(12)

Craig A. Layman, Kirk O. Winemiller, and D. Albrey Arrington

7.5 Communicating Ecology Through Food Webs: Visualizing and Quantifying the Effects of Stocking Alpine Lakes with Trout

407

(17)

Sarah Harper-Smith, Eric L. Berlow, Roland A. Knapp, Richard J. Williams, and Neo D. Martinez

Section 8 Thematic Reviews

8.0 Preface: Thematic Reviews

424

(1)

Peter C. de Ruiter, John C. Moore, and Volkmar Wolters

8.1 How Do Complex Food Webs Persist in Nature?

425

(12)

Anthony I. Dell, Giorgos D. Kokkoris, Carolin Banašek-Richter, Louis-Félix Bersier, Jennifer A. Dunne, Michio Kondoh, Tamara N. Romanuk, and Neo D. Martinez

8.2 Population Dynamics and Food Web Structure—Predicting Measurable Food Web Properties with Minimal Detail and Resolution

437

(14)

John L. Sabo, Beatrix E. Beisner, Eric L. Berlow, Kim Cuddington, Alan Hastings, Mariano Koen-Alonso, Giorgos D. Kokkoris, Kevin McCann, Carlos Melian, and John C. Moore

8.3 Central Issues for Aquatic Food Webs: From Chemical Cues to Whole System Responses

451

(12)

Ursula M. Scharler, Florence D. Hulot, Donald J. Baird, Wyatt F. Cross, Joseph M. Culp, Craig A. Layman, Dave Raffaelli, Matthijs Vos, and Kirk O. Winemiller

8.4 Spatial Aspects of Food Webs

463

(8)

Ulrich Brose, Mitchell Pavao-Zuckernian, Anna Eklöf, Janne Bengtsson, Matty P. Berg, Steven H. Cousins, Christian Mulder, Herman A. Verhoet, andVollonar Wolters

References

471

(70)

Key Words

541

(12)

Index

553

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Summary

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Dynamic Food Webs

Summary

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Table of Contents

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