The Dynamics of European Integration Why and

A major new theoretical and empirical contribution to our understanding of the influence of EU institutions vis agrave; vis governments in the major decisions about both widening and deepening the European Union. Engagingly written and based on significant new archival research and original interviews, Derek Beach offers both a new history of the major treaty negotiations of the EU and a new leadership model of European integration.

Derek Beach is in the Department of Political Science at University of Aarhus.

List of Tables and Figures

viii

Life of Abbreviations

x

Acknowledgements

xii

Introduction

1

(15)

Introduction

1

(1)

The basic argument

2

(2)

The plan of the book

4

(3)

The object of study -- intergovernmental negotiations in the EU

7

(4)

A note on leadership and influence

11

(2)

Can EU institutions be treated as unitary actors?

13

(1)

A note on the empirical material and sources

14

(2)

Why and When EU Institutions Matter

16

(19)

Do EU institutions matter?

17

(1)

Why is leadership necessary in international negotiations?

17

(3)

Integration theory and leadership by EU institutions

20

(4)

A leadership model for when EU institutions matter

24

(2)

Leadership resources

26

(3)

The impact of the negotiating context

29

(3)

The choice of leadership strategy

32

(2)

Conclusion

34

(1)

Negotiating the Single European Act

35

(28)

Introduction -- the high-water mark of Commission influence

35

(1)

The course of the negotiation of the 1985 IGC

36

(5)

What did EU institutions want in the 1985 IGC?

41

(3)

The leadership resources of the EU institutions

44

(3)

The opportunities for leadership created by the negotiating context

47

(4)

Leadership by EU institutions in the 1985 IGC

51

(10)

Conclusion

61

(2)

Negotiating the Treaty of Maastricht

63

(51)

Introduction -- building the European Union

63

(1)

The negotiation of the 1990-- 1 IGCs

64

(7)

What did the EU institutions want in the 1990--1 IGC?

71

(9)

Changes in the leadership resources of EU institutions since 1985

80

(3)

The opportunities for leadership created by the negotiating context

83

(5)

Leadership by EU institutions in the 1990--1 IGCs

88

(23)

Conclusion

111

(3)

Negotiating the Treaty of Amsterdam

114

(31)

Introduction -- Maastricht left-overs

114

(1)

The course of the negotiation of the Treaty of Amsterdam

115

(6)

What did the EU institutions want in the 1996--7 IGC?

121

(5)

Changes in the leadership resources of EU institutions since 1991

126

(4)

The opportunities for leadership created by the negotiating context

130

(3)

Leadership by EU institutions in the 1996--7 IGC

133

(9)

Conclusion

142

(3)

Negotiating the Treaty of Nice

145

(31)

Introduction -- the institutional triangle revisited

145

(1)

The course of the negotiation of the Treaty of Nice

146

(5)

What did the EU institutions want in the 2000 IGC?

151

(7)

Changes in the leadership resources of EU institutions since 1997

158

(3)

The opportunities for leadership created by the negotiating context

161

(4)

Leadership by EU institutions

165

(8)

Conclusion

173

(3)

Negotiating the Constitutional Treaty

176

(38)

Introduction -- the European Parliament comes of age

176

(1)

The course of the negotiation of the Constitutional Treaty

177

(16)

What did EU institutions want in the Constitutional Treaty negotiations?

193

(4)

Changes in the leadership resources of the EU institutions since 2000

197

(2)

The opportunities for leadership created by the negotiating context

199

(4)

Leadership by EU institutions in the Constitutional negotiations

203

(10)

Conclusion

213

(1)

Negotiating the Fifth Enlargement

214

(31)

Introduction

214

(1)

The course of the negotiation of the fifth enlargement

215

(11)

What did EU institutions want in the fifth enlargement negotiations?

226

(3)

The leadership resources of the EU institutions

229

(2)

Opportunities for leadership opened by the negotiation context

231

(3)

Leadership by EU institutions in the Eastern Enlargement negotiations

234

(10)

Conclusions

244

(1)

Conclusions

245

(19)

Introduction

245

(1)

The dynamics of European integration

246

(8)

Discussing the findings

254

(4)

The implications for the democratic deficit of the Union

258

(5)

The future of the Union

263

(1)

References

264

(26)

Index

290

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The Dynamics of European Integration Why and When EU Institutions Matter

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials