Early Diagenesis

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ISBN: 9780691082585 | 0691082588
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 3/31/2020

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Diagenesis refers to changes taking place in sediments after deposition. In a theoretical treatment of early diagenesis, Robert Berner shows how a rigorous development of the mathematical modeling of diagenetic processes can be useful to the understanding and interpretation of both experimental and field observations. His book is unique in that the models are based on quantitative rate expressions, in contrast to the qualitative descriptions that have dominated the field.

Preface	p. ix
List of Symbols	p. xi
Introduction	p. 3
Theory
General Theory	p. 9
Preliminary Considerations	p. 9
The General Diagenetic Equation	p. 13
Diagenetic Physical and Biological Processes	p. 15
Advective Processes	p. 15
Compaction	p. 15
Rate of deposition	p. 21
Some additional useful relations	p. 23
Factors affecting porosity and compaction	p. 26
Diffusion	p. 31
Molecular diffusion	p. 31
Benthic boundary diffusion	p. 41
Bioturbation	p. 42
Transfer across the Sediment-Water Interface	p. 53
Summary of Mathematics of Diagenetic Physical and Biological Processes	p. 55
Diagenetic Chemical Processes I: Equilibrium, Homogeneous, and Microbial Reactions	p. 57
Equilibrium Processes	p. 57
Determination of equilibrium	p. 57
Solubility equilibrium	p. 62
Equilibrium adsorption and ion exchange	p. 64
Inclusion of equilibrium processes in diagenetic equations	p. 70
Homogeneous Reactions (Including Radioactive Decay)	p. 77
Microbial (Metabolic) Reactions	p. 81
Diagenetic Chemical Processes II: Precipitation, Dissolution, and Authigenic Processes	p. 90
Precipitation	p. 90
Energetics of precipitation	p. 90
Nucleation	p. 93
Crystal growth	p. 95
Transport-Controlled Growth	p. 97
Surface-Reaction Controlled Growth	p. 101
Dissolution	p. 105
Authigenic (Mineral-Diagenetic) Processes	p. 108
Diagenetic redistribution	p. 108
Flow vs diffusion	p. 117
Precipitation (replacement) from an external source	p. 118
Causative factors in authigenic processes	p. 126
Applications
Marine Sediments of the Continental Margins	p. 135
Diagenesis Within the Zone of Bioturbation	p. 136
Diagenesis Below the Zone of Bioturbation	p. 148
Sulfate reduction	p. 149
Ammonia formation	p. 161
Phosphate diagenesis	p. 168
Methane formation	p. 174
Pelagic (Deep-Sea) Sediments	p. 178
Calcium Carbonate Dissolution	p. 178
Opaline Silica Dissolution	p. 190
Suboxic Organic Matter Diagenesis	p. 194
Diagenesis of Radioisotopes	p. 198
Volcanic-Seawater Reaction	p. 202
Non-Marine Sediments	p. 206
Fresh and Brackish Water Sediments	p. 206
Salinity fluctuations	p. 206
Iron diagenesis	p. 210
Manganese diagenesis	p. 215
Hypersaline Sediments	p. 222
References	p. 225
Index	p. 239
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Early Diagenesis

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