Early Pithouse Villages of the Mimbres Valley and Beyond

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ISBN: 9780873652117 | 0873652118
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 6/1/2001

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Early Pithouse period villagers played a generative role in the cultural and historical sequence of the Mogollon region, which is best known for the stunning black-on-white pottery of the Classic Mimbres culture. This volume presents a complete report on the archaeology of two important Early Pithouse settlements located along the Rio Mimbres, including detailed accounts of the excavation units, depositional contexts, architectural details, radiocarbon dates, miscellaneous artifacts, and ceramic frequency distriductures. The Thomson and McAnally sites contain architecture, artifacts, and other remains of the earliest relatively sedentary horticulturalists to occupy this part of the Southwest. The authors synthesize the data about charges over time in the villagers' lifestyle to develop a new chronology for the occupation of the region.

Acknowledgments	p. VI
Introduction	p. 1
Background to the Mimbres Foundation Excavations	p. 2
Culture History Summary	p. 3
The Organization of This Volume	p. 4
The Environmental Context and Culture-Historical Framework of the Upland Mogollon Region	p. 7
The Upland Mogollon Region As It Is Defined in This Volume	p. 7
Upland Mogollon As a Prehistoric Resource Use Area	p. 9
A Description of Biotic Provinces Within 60 Km of Upland Mogollon Sites	p. 12
The Upland Mogollon Region As a Culture Area	p. 17
The Upland Mogollon Chronological Sequence Used in This Volume	p. 20
Competing Models of Upland Mogollon Pithouse Period Life-Styles	p. 25
Models That Describe What Happened Between A.D. 200 and 1000	p. 26
The Hilltop Locations of Early Pithouse Villages: Warfare Versus Social Interaction	p. 31
Economic Transitions from the Archaic to the Early Pithouse Period	p. 33
Concluding Thoughts: Mogollon Pithouse Village Archaeology and the "Big Picture"	p. 34
Mogollon Pithouse Architecture and Changes in Residential Mobility	p. 37
Are Su Site Pithouses Statistically Larger Than McAnally Site Pithouses?	p. 37
The Use of Architectural Details to Assess the Intensity of Site Occupations	p. 38
Attributes of Prehistoric Architectural Construction	p. 41
A Comparison of the Intensity of Site Occupation from A.D. 200 to 1000	p. 43
Summary	p. 46
Paleobotanical Remains	p. 47
Excavation and Processing Methods	p. 47
Seeds and Diet	p. 49
Intersite Distributions of Seeds At Mogollon Early Pithouse Villages	p. 51
Diachronic Changes in the Use of Maize	p. 51
Conclusion	p. 57
Ground Stone Analyses	p. 59
New Plants and Higher Populations: Catalysts for Change?	p. 59
The Methodology of the Ground Stone Analysis	p. 62
Mano Analyses	p. 65
Summary and Conclusion	p. 68
A Functional Analysis of Early Pithouse Period Ceramics	p. 69
Relationships Between Attributes of Ceramic Design and Use	p. 69
McAnally Site Ceramics	p. 71
Thompson Site Ceramics	p. 75
Summary	p. 75
Osteofaunal Remains	p. 77
Chipped Stone	p. 81
Efficiency, Foraging, and Farming	p. 81
Potential Interpretive Biases	p. 82
The McAnally and Thompson Site Assemblages	p. 83
Conclusions	p. 89
Miscellaneous Studies on the McAnally and Thompson Sites: Excavated Units and Depositional Contexts, Ceramic Seriation, and Miscellaneous Artifacts	p. 91
Excavation Methods	p. 91
The McAnally Site (La 12110)	p. 93
The Thompson Site (NM Z:5:35)	p. 103
Ceramic Descriptions and Seriation	p. 108
Miscellaneous Artifacts	p. 112
Summary	p. 113
Population Dynamics at McAnally and Thompson Sites and Their Valleywide Context	p. 115
Population Dynamics at the McAnally and Thompson Sites	p. 115
Valleywide Population Dynamics	p. 118
Discussion	p. 119
Tree-Ring Dates from Upland Mogollon Pithouse Villages	p. 121
References	p. 129
Figures
The Upland Mogollon region of the greater American Southwest	p. 8
Biotic provinces within 60 kilometers of the McAnally site	p. 11
Petran Subalpine Conifer Forest	p. 12
Petran Montane Conifer Forest	p. 13
Great Basin Conifer Woodland	p. 14
Plains Grassland	p. 15
Semidesert Grassland	p. 16
Chihuahuan Desertscrub	p. 16
The relationship between time stress, grinding tool size, and efficiency	p. 63
Histogram of surface areas of manos from Upland Mogollon pithouse villages	p. 64
Surface areas of large, maize-grinding manos from Upland Mogollon pithouse villages	p. 67
Antler tool from the McAnally site	p. 78
Projectile points from the Thompson and McAnally sites	p. 89
The Rio Mimbres floodplain viewed from the McAnally site	p. 92
A typical summer flow of the Rio Mimbres near the McAnally site	p. 92
Aerial view of the McAnally site and the Mattocks Ruin	p. 94
Site plan for the McAnally site	p. 94
Plan view and profile of Unit 8 at the McAnally site	p. 96
McAnally site, Unit 8, excavated to floor	p. 97
McAnally site, Unit 8, Loci 3, 4, and 7	p. 97
Plan view and profile of Unit 11 at the McAnally site	p. 100
McAnally site, Unit 11, excavated to floor	p. 102
Site plan for the Thompson site	p. 103
Plan view and profile of the Thompson site, Unit 1	p. 104
Thompson site, Unit 1, excavated to floor	p. 105
Plan view and profile of the Thompson site, Unit 2	p. 107
Thompson site, Unit 2, excavated to floor	p. 108
Aerial view of the Thompson site	p. 109
Shell ornament from the Thompson site	p. 112
Tables
Biotic provinces within 60 kilometers of Upland Mogollon branches or sites	p. 10
Means of most recent tree-ring dates from Mogollon pithouses	p. 19
Radiocarbon dates from Upland Mogollon pithouse villages	p. 20
Upland Mogollon Pithouse period attributes and chronology	p. 22
Surface areas of McAnally pithouses	p. 38
Frequencies of different hearth types in Mogollon pithouses	p. 43
Presence or absence of plaster in Mogollon pithouses	p. 44
Wall construction materials in Upland Mogollon pithouses	p. 44
Spjotvoll-Stoline analysis of variance of mean value of post density	p. 45
Presence or absence of remodeling in Upland Mogollon pithouses	p. 45
Changes in architectural indices of occupation duration/residential mobility	p. 46
Latin taxonomic and common names of plants found in McAnally and Thompson site samples	p. 48
Frequencies of charred seeds from the McAnally and Thompson sites	p. 49
Ubiquities of plant seeds at various Upland Mogollon Early Pithouse villages	p. 52
Ubiquities of maize from Upland Mogollon pithouse intervals	p. 52
Frequencies of charred wood taxa from the McAnally and Thompson sites	p. 54
Ubiquities of charred wood taxa at Upland Mogollon pithouse villages	p. 54
Pollen counts from McAnally and Thompson site samples	p. 56
Ground stone artifacts from the McAnally and Thompson sites	p. 60
Manos from Mogollon Pithouse period sites used in this research	p. 65
Mean grinding surface areas of manos from Early Pithouse period Upland Mogollon sites	p. 67
Spjotvoll-Stoline analysis of variance of mean surface areas for Pithouse period maizegrinding manos	p. 68
Rim diameters of McAnally site jars	p. 72
Rim diameters of McAnally site bowls	p. 72
Rim diameters of McAnally site tecomates	p. 73
Use-alteration of partially reconstructed McAnally site jars	p. 74
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Early Pithouse Villages of the Mimbres Valley and Beyond

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