Early Socialisation: Sociability and Attachment

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ISBN: 9780415186575 | 0415186579
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 10/1/1999

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Early Socialisationlooks at sociability and attachment and how they relate to emotional and cognitive development. Topics covered include bonding, attachment, deprivation, separation and privation, as well as enrichment. Social and cultural variations are considered, and theories of attachment and loss are described and evaluated.

List of illustrations

Acknowledgements

xvii

Introduction

(8)

Some early views of childhood

(1)

The beginnings of childhood

(1)

This century

(4)

The maternal deprivation hypothesis

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Imprinting and bonding

(1)

Imprinting, bonding and attachment

(1)

Bowlby's theory of attachment

(1)

Sociability

(1)

Cross-cultural research

(1)

Summary

(2)

Sociability

(16)

Introduction

(1)

Innate social abilities

(6)

Specific behaviours

(3)

Emotional expression

(1)

Emotional sensitivity

(2)

Learned social abilities

(1)

Nature and nurture

(3)

An interest in faces

(2)

More and more smiles

(1)

Reciprocal relationships

(1)

Ethical and methodological issues

(1)

Individual differences

(2)

Innate factors

(1)

The influence of others

(1)

Summary

(3)

Imprinting and bonding

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Imprinting

(5)

Konrad Lorenz and greylag geese

(1)

Critical period hypothesis

(1)

Sensitive period

(1)

Supra-individual

(1)

Consequences of imprinting

(1)

Evaluation

(2)

Bonding in non-human animals

(3)

Wire mothers

(1)

Experimental variations

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Evaluation of non-human research

(1)

Bonding in humans

(2)

Skin-to-skin contact

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Ethical and practical concerns

(1)

What bonding research means for attachment

(1)

Summary

(2)

The attachment process

(16)

Introduction

(1)

What is attachment?

(1)

The development of attachment behaviour

(3)

The asocial stage

(1)

Indiscriminate attachments

(1)

Specific attachments

(1)

Multiple attachments

(1)

Understanding why these changes take place

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Individual differences in attachment

(1)

Measuring attachment

(4)

What the Strange Situation measures

(1)

Types of attachment

(1)

Stability of attachment

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

The value of a secure attachment

(3)

Short-term effects: benefits of secure attachment

(1)

Long-term effects: emotional development and relationships

(1)

Long-term effects: parenting

(1)

Long-term effects: personality development

(1)

Long-term effects: self-esteem

(1)

Long-term effects: cognitive development

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Monotropy versus multiple attachments

(1)

Monotropy

(1)

The case for multiple attachments

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Summary

(3)

Privation

(16)

Introduction

(1)

Children reared in isolation

(2)

The Koluchova twins (PM and JM)

(1)

Genie

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Institutionalisation

(6)

Skeels' study

(1)

Tizard's study

(2)

Evaluation of Tizard's study

(1)

Other studies

(1)

Romanian orphans

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Reactive attachment disorder

(1)

The effects of privation

(1)

Some conclusions

(2)

Privation or deprivation?

(1)

A sensitive period?

(1)

Individual differences in coping

(1)

Methodology

(1)

What does it matter?

(1)

Summary

(3)

Separation

(14)

Introduction

(1)

Responses to separation

(1)

Separation anxiety

(1)

Criticisms of the PDD model

(1)

Hospitalisation

(4)

Hospitals and later maladjustment

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Day care

(4)

Day care in a nursery

(2)

Day care with a childminder

(1)

Attachment to day-care provider

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Divorce

(1)

Parental discord

(1)

Explanations

(1)

Final evaluation of separation experiences

(1)

Summary

(2)

Social and cultural variations

(12)

Introduction

(1)

What is `cultural variation'?

(1)

Cultural variations in attachment

(5)

Cultural similarities

(1)

The Strange Situation

(1)

The Strange Situation as an imposed etic

(1)

One or many attachments?

(1)

Are there any differences?

(1)

Attachment and economics

(1)

Conclusions

(1)

Cultural variations in childrearing

(3)

Studies of Western childrearing styles

(1)

Evaluation

(1)

Social class (sub-cultural) differences

(1)

Cross-cultural studies

(1)

Conclusion

(1)

Summary

(3)

Theories of attachment

(14)

Introduction

(1)

What is a theory of attachment?

(1)

Attachment theory before Bowlby

(2)

Freudian theory

(1)

Behaviourist theory

(1)

Evaluation of Freudian and behaviourist approaches

(1)

The ethological approach

100

(1)

Bowlby's theory

100

(5)

The influence of psychoanalysis: maternal deprivation

101

(1)

The influence of ethology: attachment theory

101

(1)

A critical or sensitive period

102

(1)

Is attachment innate?

102

(1)

Monotropy

102

(1)

The internal working model

103

(1)

Caregiver sensitivity hypothesis

103

(1)

A secure base

104

(1)

Attachment theory

105

(1)

Evaluation of Bowlby's theory

105

(3)

Rutter's commentary: maternal deprivation reassessed

105

(1)

Other criticisms of Bowlby's theory

106

(1)

Final analysis

107

(1)

Summary

108

(3)

Enrichment

111

(12)

Introduction

111

(1)

What is enrichment?

112

(1)

Cognitive development

112

(1)

Perceptual development

112

(2)

The effect of institutionalisation

112

(1)

Other studies of visual deprivation

113

(1)

Conclusion

114

(1)

Language development

114

(2)

Linguistic enrichment

114

(1)

Criticisms of verbal deprivation theory

115

(1)

Reading

115

(1)

Speech

116

(1)

Development of intelligence

116

(4)

Hothousing

116

(1)

Preschool enrichment programmes

117

(2)

Nutritional enrichment

119

(1)

Intelligence enrichment programmes: conclusions

119

(1)

Social and emotional development

120

(1)

Popularity

120

(1)

Attachment

121

(1)

Conclusions

121

(1)

Summary

122

(1)

Study aids

123

(18)

Practice essays

124

(9)

Key research summaries

133

(8)

Bowlby (1946) Forty-four juvenile thieves

133

(2)

Schaffer and Emerson (1964) The development of social attachments in infancy

135

(2)

Fox (1977) Attachment of kibbutz infants to mother and metapelet

137

(4)

Glossary

141

(8)

References

149

(18)

Index

167

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Early Socialisation: Sociability and Attachment

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Table of Contents

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