Ecology and Evolution of Darwin's Finches (Princeton Science Library Edition)

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ISBN: 9780691084275 | 0691084270
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 3/14/2017

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After his famous visit to the Gal?pagos Islands, Darwin speculated that "one might fancy that, from an original paucity of birds in this archipelago, one species had been taken and modified for different ends." This book is the classic account of how much we have since learned about the evolution of these remarkable birds. Based upon over a decade's research, Grant shows how interspecific competition and natural selection act strongly enough on contemporary populations to produce observable and measurable evolutionary change. In this new edition, Grant outlines new discoveries made in the thirteen years since the book's publication. "Ecology and Evolution of Darwin's Finches" is an extraordinary account of evolution in action.

Foreword	p. xi
Preface to the 1999 Edition	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 3
Charles Darwin	p. 6
After Darwin	p. 9
The first synthesis	p. 9
Evolutionary inference	p. 10
Plan of the book	p. 12
Characteristics of the Islands	p. 19
Origins and ages	p. 19
Distribution and sizes	p. 21
Climate	p. 21
Plants, 2Z Vegetation	p. 28
Changes in the past	p. 29
Changes in recent times	p. 30
Cocos Island	p. 31
Summary	p. 31
General Characteristics and Distributions of Finches	p. 45
The main groups	p. 45
Genera	p. 51
Species	p. 51
Subspecies	p. 60
Distributions	p. 60
Patterns among the islands	p. 62
Extinctions	p. 64
Other land birds	p. 64
Summary	p. 65
Patterns of Morphological Variation	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
The major simple patterns	p. 77
The minor simple patterns	p. 79
Correlations between traits	p. 79
Size	p. 80
Allometry	p. 82
Shape	p. 82
Multivariate shape variation	p. 89
Geographical variation in size	p. 92
Summary	p. 95
Growth and Development	p. 100
Introduction	p. 100
Variation in egg size	p. 100
Absolute growth	p. 102
Relative growth	p. 106
Summary	p. 111
Beak Sizes, Beak Shapes, and Diets	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
Feeding mechanics	p. 113
Feeding types	p. 116
Ecological significance of beak differences between species	p. 117
Dietary differences between species	p. 118
Dietary differences between populations of the same species	p. 128
Dietary differences among individuals in a variable population	p. 132
Summary	p. 138
The Importance of Food to Finch Populations	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Plant phenology in the and zone	p. 147
Finch phenology	p. 148
Finch populations in relation to food supply	p. 152
Extreme conditions	p. 152
Food limitation of population sizes	p. 154
The frequency of food limitation	p. 168
Other factors limiting finch populations	p. 171
Interspecific competition for food	p. 173
Summary	p. 173
Population Variation and Natural Selection	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Relative variation	p. 175
Theoretical background	p. 177
Field studies	p. 180
Genetic variation	p. 180
Natural selection	p. 183
Sexual selection	p. 192
Countervailing selection	p. 193
A summary of selection pressures	p. 195
Sexual dimorphism	p. 196
Genetic drift	p. 197
Enhancement of genetic variation	p. 199
Variation in relation to abundance, 20Z Other species	p. 208
Summary	p. 219
Species-Recognition and Mate Choice	p. 222
Introduction	p. 222
The possible cues used in species-recognition	p. 222
Morphological cues	p. 224
Song	p. 251
Song and bill morphology as species cues	p. 241
Imprinting	p. 242
The learning of heterotypic song	p. 244
Misimprinting	p. 246
Beyond species-recognition: mate choice	p. 249
Summary	p. 251
Evolution and Speciation	p. 253
Evolution	p. 253
Origins	p. 253
The number of species	p. 256
The pattern of speciation	p. 257
The time framework	p. 260
Allopatric speciation	p. 263
Alternative models of speciation	p. 273
Parapatric speciation	p. 274
Sympatric speciation	p. 275
Alternatives to gradual genetic change	p. 280
Conclusions and summary	p. 283
Ecological Interactions during Speciation	p. 285
Introduction	p. 285
Ecological isolation	p. 285
Causes of initial differentiation	p. 286
An alternative view	p. 288
Differentiation entirely in allopatry	p. 289
The food supply hypothesis	p. 291
Lack's evidence for competition	p. 294
Tests of the competition hypothesis	p. 300
Different explanations reconciled	p. 310
Conclusions and summary	p. 312
Competition and Finch Communities	p. 314
Introduction	p. 314
Combinations of species	p. 315
Structure determined by competition	p. 317
Minimum differences between coexisting species	p. 321
Greater than minimum differences	p. 323
A digression on methods of analysis, and on bias	p. 328
Predictive models	p. 331
The classical case of character release	p. 340
Conclusions and summary	p. 346
The Evolution of Reproductive Isolation	p. 348
Introduction	p. 348
Experimental tests	p. 348
Implications of the experimental results	p. 350
Reinforcement?	p. 353
Absence of speciesfrom islands	p. 354
Summary	p. 355
Adapta
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Ecology and Evolution of Darwin's Finches (Princeton Science Library Edition)

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