Economic Sanctions Reconsidered

Economic sanctions continue to play an important role in the response to terrorism, nuclear proliferation, military conflicts, and other foreign policy crises. But poor design and implementation of sanctions policies often mean they fall short of their desired effects. This landmark study, first published in 1985, delves into the rich experience of sanctions in the 20th century to harvest lessons on how to use sanctions more effectively. This volume, which is now conveniently available in a paperback format, is the third and expanded edition of this widely cited study. The authors' unique database on sanctions now covers almost 200 case studies. The analysis is substantially revised to take account of the new challenges facing policymakers since the end of the Cold War and the acceleration of globalization of trade and financial markets.

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
A Case Study Approach	p. 2
Sender Countries and Their Motives	p. 5
Limitations on the Use of Sanctions	p. 7
Historical Overview	p. 9
Plan of the Book	p. 18
Appendix 1A	p. 20
Analyzing the Utility of Sanctions	p. 43
Anatomy of a Sanctions Episode	p. 43
Framework for Analysis	p. 50
Foreign Policy Goals	p. 52
Overview of the Variables Affecting the Costs of Defiance and Compliance	p. 55
Political Variables	p. 65
Modest Changes in Policy	p. 66
Regime Change	p. 67
Disrupting Military Adventures	p. 69
Impairing Military Potential	p. 70
Other Major Policy Changes	p. 72
Politics, the Cold War, and Sanctions Targets	p. 73
Appendix 3A	p. 75
Economic Variables	p. 89
Size of Sender and Target Countries	p. 89
Trade Linkages	p. 90
Types of Sanctions	p. 91
Economic Health and Political Stability of Target Countries	p. 99
Cost of Sanctions to Targets	p. 101
Cost of Sanctions to Senders	p. 108
Appendix 4A	p. 113
Sanctions after the Cold War	p. 125
Evolution of US Sanctions Policy	p. 126
New Targets and Goals for Sanctions	p. 131
The United Nations and Postwar Sanctions Policy	p. 131
Congressional Intervention in Sanctions Policy	p. 133
State and Local Government Sanctions	p. 136
The Incredible Lightness of "Smart Sanctions"	p. 138
New Challenges for Sanctions Policy	p. 141
Appendix 5A	p. 148
Conclusions and Policy Recommendations	p. 155
Are Sanctions Effective?	p. 158
Policy Recommendations: Using Sanctions More Effectively	p. 160
Conclusion: Look Before You Leap	p. 178
Econometric Analysis of Economic Sanctions	p. 181
Impact of US Economic Sanctions on Trade	p. 193
Methodology Used to Estimate the Cost of Sanctions to the Target Country	p. 211
Bibliography	p. 215
About the Authors	p. 223
Index	p. 225
Tables
Sanctions episodes initiated, cost to targets, and world exports, 1915-2000	p. 18
Chronological summary of economic sanctions for foreign policy goals, 1914-2000	p. 20
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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Economic Sanctions Reconsidered

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