Effective Software Maintenance and Evolution: A Reuse-Based Approach

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ISBN: 9780849335921 | 0849335922
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 5/7/2007

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The complexity of software is quickly approaching the limits of what the current programming paradigm can handle. As it exists today, this complexity remains proportional to the size of the software. This is particularly true of software maintenance, which is almost exclusively done at the level of code. Not surprisingly, it is estimated that up to 80% of software costs go to maintenance.

Foreword	p. xiii
The Author	p. xvii
Acknowledgments	p. xix
Prologue	p. xxiii
Introduction	p. 1
Chapter Summary	p. 1
Background	p. 1
The Problem of Software Change	p. 3
Software Evolution and Its Challenges	p. 5
About This Book	p. 8
References	p. 10
Conventional Methods of Software Maintenance and Evolution
Static Program Analysis Methods	p. 15
Chapter Summary	p. 15
Introduction to Static Program Analysis	p. 15
Approaches to Static Program Analysis	p. 17
How Does an SPA Work?	p. 19
Source Language: Simple	p. 20
Program Design Abstractions for Simple	p. 22
Querying Programs with PQL	p. 33
Design of PQL and SPA	p. 39
Optimizing the Performance of Query Evaluation	p. 42
PQL for Cobol	p. 44
Conclusions	p. 44
References	p. 45
Reverse Engineering Methods	p. 47
Chapter Summary	p. 47
Review of Approaches to Reverse Engineering	p. 47
Incremental and Interactive Reverse Engineering Process	p. 49
Recovering Object Models from Code	p. 51
Object Recovery Heuristics	p. 53
Semiautomatic Recovery of Abstract Objects as Candidates for Classes	p. 53
A Plan for Semiautomatic Recovery of Abstract Data Types as Candidates for Classes	p. 54
Specifying Reverse Engineering Heuristics in PQL	p. 55
Specifying Object Recovery Heuristics for C Programs	p. 57
Generation of Recovered Design Views in Extended PQL	p. 59
Conclusions	p. 61
References	p. 61
Model-Based Design for Ease of Maintenance	p. 67
Chapter Summary	p. 67
The Role of Models in the Design of Software Tools	p. 67
The Concept of Model-Based Design	p. 68
Model-Based PQL Query Validator in SPA and REA	p. 70
Model-Based Design of the PQL Query Evaluator in SPA and REA	p. 72
Model-Based Design of a Software Project-Support Environment	p. 73
Conclusions	p. 91
References	p. 92
Evolution of Versions and Configuration Management	p. 95
Chapter Summary	p. 95
A Working Example: FRS Evolution	p. 96
FRS Component Architecture	p. 97
Evolution of FRS with CVS	p. 99
Reuse of Features Implemented in Past Releases When Building New System Releases	p. 101
Adding New Features to a System Release	p. 104
Selective Propagation of New Features to Past Releases	p. 105
The Visibility of Changes during Evolution	p. 105
Explosion of Variant Features and Feature Dependencies	p. 106
Lessons Learned	p. 107
Related Work	p. 107
Conclusions	p. 108
References	p. 109
Limits of Conventional Techniques	p. 111
Chapter Summary	p. 111
Software Complexity Factor	p. 112
Tackling Software Evolution Challenges	p. 114
Conclusions	p. 117
References	p. 118
Reuse-Based Software Maintenance and Evolution
The Mixed-Strategy Approach: An Overview	p. 125
Chapter Summary	p. 125
Concepts of Reuse-Based Evolution	p. 126
Change-Design versus Design for Change	p. 127
Concepts of the Mixed-Strategy Approach	p. 128
A Preview of the Mixed-Strategy Approach: An Example	p. 131
The Role of Genericity in the Mixed-Strategy Approach	p. 136
Conclusions	p. 138
References	p. 138
Step-by-Step Introduction to XVCL	p. 141
Chapter Summary	p. 141
Salient Features of XVCL	p. 142
Flexible Composition of X-Frames	p. 144
Defining Compositions with XVCL	p. 146
Specifying Small-Granularity Changes	p. 153
Changes at Various Abstraction Levels	p. 156
Defining Generic Structures and Generators	p. 157
Capturing Change Traces and Similarity Patterns in Evolutionary Changes	p. 159
Handling Implementation Dependencies among Features	p. 161
Summary of XVCL Rules	p. 162
Conclusions	p. 176
References	p. 177
Software Similarities: Symptoms and Causes	p. 179
Chapter Summary	p. 179
The Problem of Software Similarities and Cloning	p. 180
Software Similarities and Reuse	p. 183
Software Similarities and Generic Design	p. 184
Software Similarities, Genericity, and Software Complexity	p. 185
Similarity Patterns in the Buffer Library: An Example	p. 189
Similarity Patterns and Clones in STL	p. 202
Similarity Patterns in Application Programs	p. 203
General Implications	p. 209
Identifying Similarity Patterns and Automated Detection of Clones	p. 210
Conclusions	p. 212
References	p. 212
The Mixed-Strategy Approach to Generic Design	p. 217
Chapter Summary	p. 217
Buffer Library in Java/XVCL Mixed-Strategy Representation	p. 218
Evaluation of the Mixed-Strategy Buffer Library Solution	p. 228
Conclusions	p. 234
References	p. 236
Evolution with the Mixed-Strategy Approach	p. 237
Chapter Summary	p. 237
Introduction	p. 237
Stages of FRS Evolution	p. 239
An Overview of the FRS X-Framework	p. 240
Development of a New System Release	p. 243
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript DATE]	p. 244
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript USER] and FRS[superscript DATE, USER]	p. 246
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript DATE, USER, PREF]	p. 251
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript DATE, USER, PAY]	p. 252
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript DATE, USER, PREF, PAY]	p. 255
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript DATE, USER, PAY, BR]	p. 255
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript DATE, USER, PAY, BR, BRD]	p. 257
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript USER, BR]	p. 257
Specifying Changes for FRS[superscript USER-PD, BR]	p. 258
Conclusions	p. 258
Scaling Up the Mixed-Strategy Approach	p. 261
Chapter Summary	p. 261
Introduction	p. 261
Modeling Features Arising during Evolution	p. 262
A Mixed-Strategy Evolution Support Environment (MESE)	p. 271
An FRS Architecture with Connectors	p. 273
Generic Connectors in the FRS X-Framework	p. 273
Comments on X-Framework Organization Principles	p. 275
An Overview of the X-Framework Customization Process	p. 278
Customization and Assembly Passes over an X-Framework	p. 280
Using the Customization Decision Tree (CDT)	p. 282
Using MESE to Customize and Evolve the FRS X-Framework: An Example	p. 282
Assembly Pass	p. 289
Related Work on Product Line Research	p. 291
Conclusions	p. 291
References	p. 292
The Mixed-Strategy Approach in Other Projects	p. 295
Chapter Summary	p. 295
STL in C++/XVCL	p. 296
DEMS in C#/XVCL	p. 296
Web Portal Product Line in ASP/XVCL	p. 298
CAP-WP in J2EE/XVCL	p. 301
Role-Playing Games (RPG) for Mobile Phones	p. 302
Conclusions	p. 304
References	p. 305
Other Techniques Related to XVCL	p. 307
Chapter Summary	p. 307
Frame Technology	p. 307
Conventional Techniques	p. 308
Generation Techniques	p. 311
Separation of Concerns and Its Relation to Generic Design	p. 312
Conclusions	p. 316
References	p. 316
Evaluation of the Mixed-Strategy Approach	p. 319
Chapter Summary	p. 319
Summary of the Mixed-Strategy Approach	p. 319
The Mixed-Strategy Process	p. 320
Trade-Offs Involved in Applying the Mixed-Strategy Approach	p. 322
XVCL Workbench	p. 326
References	p. 326
Conclusions	p. 329
Summary of PQL Grammar Rules	p. 331
Program Design Models for Cobol85	p. 333
XVCL Specifications - A Reference Manual	p. 339
Index	p. 387
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