Electrical Machines and Drives

Recent years have brought substantial developments in electrical drive technology, with the appearance of highly rated, very-high-speed power-electronic switches, combined with microcomputer control systems. This popular textbook has been thoroughly revised and updated in the light of these changes. It retains its successful formula of teaching through worked examples, which are put in context with concise explanations of theory, revision of equations and discussion of the engineering implications. Numerous problems are also provided, with answers supplied. The third edition includes enhanced coverage of power-electronic systems and new material on closed-loop control, in addition to thorough treatment of electrical machines.

Authors' preface to the Third Edition

vii

(2)

Authors' preface to the Second Edition

ix

(1)

Authors' preface to the First Edition

x

(2)

List of symbols

xii

1 Introduction and review of basic theory

1

(19)

1.1 Aim of the book

1

(2)

1.2 Foundation theory

3

(11)

1.3 Equivalent circuits

14

(3)

1.4 Power-flow diagram

17

(3)

2 Transformers

20

(17)

2.1 Solution of equations

20

(13)

Parameters; Regulation 2.1-2.3

3-winding; 3-phase 2.4-2.6

3-phase parameters and performance 2.7-2.9

System and parallel operation 2.10-2.11

2.2 Symmetrical components

33

(4)

1-phase unbalanced loading 2.12

3 D. C. Machines

37

(40)

3.1 Revision of equations

37

(2)

3.2 Solution of equations

39

(11)

Winding m.m.f.s and design 3.1-3.3

Electromechanical performance and testing 3.4-3.8

3.3 Per-unit notation

50

(8)

Drive performance 3.9-3.12

3.4 Series motors

58

(10)

D. C. and A. C. operation 3.13-3.15

Speed/torque relationships 3.16-3.19

3.5 Braking circuits

68

(4)

4-quadrant operation 3.20-3.21

3.6 Permanent-magnet machines

72

(5)

D. C. machine magnet design 3.22

4 Induction machines

77

(51)

4.1 Revision of equations

77

(5)

4.2 Solution of equations

82

(20)

Parameter measurement and changes; General performance; Maximum torque; Per-unit notation 4.1-4.7

Power flow; Speed/torque curves 4.8-4.10

4.3 Constant- (primary) current operation: improved starting performance

102

(15)

Variable voltage/frequency; Optimum performance; Starting; Braking 4.11-4.18

4.4 Unbalanced and single-phase operation 4.19-4.21

117

(6)

4.5 Speed control by slip-power recovery 4.22-4.23

123

(5)

5 Synchronous machines

128

(49)

5.1 Summary of equations

128

(5)

5.2 Solution of equations

133

(6)

Parameters and excitation 5.1-5.3

5.3 Per-unit notation

139

(1)

Operational modes 5.4

5.4 Electromechanical problems

140

(15)

Power, maximum torque, power factor, load angle 5.5-5.12

5.5 Constant-current operation

155

(9)

Variable voltage/frequency; Optimum performance 5.13-5.15

5.6 Operating charts 5.16

164

(2)

5.7 Multi-machine problems

166

(3)

Parallel operation; Power-factor improvement 5.17-5.19

5.8 Salient-pole and reluctance-type machines, synchronising power 5.20-5.22

169

(8)

6 Transient behaviour; closed-loop control

177

(55)

6.1 Transient equations

178

(5)

6.2 Transfer functions

183

(2)

6.3 Mechanical system

185

(7)

6.4 Transfer function for a drive with linear load

192

(4)

6.5 Linear control-system analysis methods

196

(26)

Square-wave, (ON/OFF) systems; Thermal transient 6.1-6.2

Starting; Acceleration times 6.3-6.6

Braking; Reversal; Stopping times 6.7-6.10

Speed and position control; Oscillation; Stability; PI and PID controllers 6.11-6.15

6.6 Duty cycles and ratings

222

(10)

Pulse loading 6.16-6.17

Typical duty cycles; Rolling mill; Traction 6.18-6.19

7 Power-electronic/electrical machine drives

232

(63)

7.1 Power-electronic devices

233

(4)

7.2 Chopper-controlled d.c. machine 7.1-7.2

237

(9)

7.3 Thyristor converter drives

246

(12)

Single-phase rectifier 7.3

Three-phase rectifier 7.4-7.5

7.4 Induction motor drives

258

(11)

Induction motor control 7.6

7.5 Vector (field-oriented) control 7.7

269

(18)

Slip-power recovery 7.8

7.6 Synchronous, brushless and reluctance drives

287

(8)

Comparison of main machine types

8 Mathematical and computer simulation of machine drives

295

(22)

8.1 Organisation of step-by-step solutions

296

(2)

8.2 Simulations for polyphase a.c. machines

298

(14)

8.3 Simulations for Thyristor bridge/d.c. machine drives

312

(5)

Single-phase bridge 8.1

Appendix A Table of Laplace transforms

317

(2)

Appendix B Voltage/current/power relationships for bridge-rectifier circuits

319

(4)

Appendix C Summary of equations for d-q simulations

323

(8)

Appendix D Tutorial examples with answers

331

(30)

Answers to tutorial examples

361

(8)

References

369

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Electrical Machines and Drives

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