Elementary Statistics in Criminal Justice Research

, by Fox, James Alan; Levin, Jack A.; Forde, David R.

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ISBN: 9780205594399 | 0205594395
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/23/2008

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The best-selling book, Elementary Statistics in Social Research, 7/e, has been adapted to provide a broad and accessible introduction to statistics for criminal justice enthusiasts.This straightforward book written specifically for criminal justice helps readers who do not have a strong background in mathematics, make sense of statistics.For anyone interested in statistics related to criminal justice.

All chapters end with Summary and Questions and Problems
Preface
Why the Criminal Justice Researcher Uses Statistics
The Nature of Criminal Justice Research
Major Data Sources in Criminology and Criminal Justice
Why Test Hypotheses?
The Stages of Criminal Justice Research
Using Series of Numbers to Do Criminal Justice Research
Functions of Statistics
Looking and the Larger Picture: A Student Survey
Description
Organizing the Data
Frequency Distributions of Nominal Data
Comparing Distributions
Proportions and Percentages
Rates
Simple Frequency Distributions of Ordinal and Interval Data
Grouped Frequency Distributions of Interval Data
Cumulative Distributions
Percentile Ranks
Dealing with Decimal Data
Flexible Class Intervals
Cross-Tabulations
Graphic Presentations
Measures of Central Tendency
The Mode
The Median
The Mean
Taking One Step at a Time
Comparing the Mode, Median, and Mean
Measures of Variability
The Range
The Variance and Standard Deviation
The Raw-Score Formula for Variance and Standard Deviation
The Meaning of the Standard Deviation
Obtaining the Variance and Standard Deviation from a Simple Frequency Distribution
Obtaining the Variance and Standard Deviation from a Grouped Frequency Distribution
From Description to Decision Making
Probability and the Normal Curve
Rules of Probability
Probability Distributions
The Normal Curve as a Probability Distribution
Characteristics of the Normal Curve
The Model and the Reality of the Normal Curve
The Area Under the Normal Curve
Standard Scores and the Normal Curve
Finding Probability Under the Normal Curve
Finding Scores from Probability from the Normal Curve
Samples and Populations
Sampling Methods
Sampling Error
Sampling Distribution of Means
Standard Error of the Mean
Confidence Intervals
The t Distribution
Estimating Proportions
Looking at the Larger Picture: Generalizing from Samples to Populations
Decision Making
Testing Differences between Means
The Null Hypothesis: No Difference between Means
The Research Hypothesis: A Difference between Means
Sampling Distribution of Differences between Means
Testing Hypotheses with the Distribution of Differences between Means
Levels of Significance
Standard Error of the Difference between Means
Testing the Difference between Means
Comparing the Dependent Samples
Two Sample Tests of Proportions
One-Tailed Tests
Requirements for Testing the Difference between Means
Analysis of Variance
The Logic of Analysis of Variance
The Sum of Squares
Mean Square
The F Ratio
A Multiple Comparison of Means
Requirements for Using the F Ratio
Groups Using Analysis of Variance
Nonparametric Tests of Significance
One-Way Chi-Square Test
Two-Way Chi-Square Test
The Median Test
Looking at the Larger Picture: Testing for Differences
From Decision Making to Association
Correlation
Strength of Correlation
Direction of Correlation
Curvilinear Correlation
The Correlation Coefficient
Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
The Importance of Scatter Plots
Partial Correlation
Regression Ana
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Elementary Statistics in Criminal Justice Research

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials