Elementary Survey Sampling

Focusing on the practical aspects of survey sampling, this introduction is intended for a one-term service course in survey sampling for students in the social sciences, business, and natural resources management (college algebra prerequisite). Appealing to the student with a limited background in math.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1

(6)

CHAPTER 2 A REVIEW OF SOME BASIC CONCEPTS

7

(34)

2.1 Introduction

7

(1)

2.2 Describing data with graphs and tables

8

(13)

2.3 Summarizing information in populations and samples

21

(3)

2.4 Sampling distributions

24

(4)

2.5 Covariance and correlation

28

(2)

2.6 Estimation

30

(1)

2.7 Summary

31

(1)

Exercises

32

(9)

CHAPTER 3 ELEMENTS OF THE SAMPLING PROBLEM

41

(38)

3.1 Introduction

41

(1)

3.2 Technical terms

42

(2)

3.3 How to select the sample: The design of the sample survey

44

(7)

3.4 Sources of errors in surveys

51

(11)

3.5 Designing a questionnaire

62

(6)

3.6 Planning a survey

68

(2)

3.7 Summary

70

(1)

Exercises

70

(6)

Experiences with real data

76

(3)

CHAPTER 4 SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

79

(46)

4.1 Introduction

79

(2)

4.2 How to draw a simple random sample

81

(2)

4.3 Estimation of a population mean and total

83

(9)

4.4 Selecting the sample size for estimating population means and totals

92

(3)

4.5 Estimation of a population proportion

95

(5)

4.6 Comparing estimates

100

(6)

4.7 Summary

106

(3)

Exercises

109

(12)

Experiences with real data

121

(4)

CHAPTER 5 STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

125

(72)

5.1 Introduction

125

(2)

5.2 How to draw a stratified random sample

127

(2)

5.3 Estimation of a population mean and total

129

(7)

5.4 Selecting the sample size for estimating population means and totals

136

(4)

5.5 Allocation of the sample

140

(9)

5.6 Estimation of a population proportion

149

(3)

5.7 Selecting the sample size and allocating the sample to estimate proportions

152

(9)

5.8 Additional comments on stratified sampling

161

(4)

5.9 An optimal rule for choosing strata

165

(1)

5.10 Stratification after selection of the sample

166

(3)

5.11 Double sampling for stratification

169

(3)

5.12 Summary

172

(3)

Exercises

175

(9)

Experiences with real data

184

(13)

CHAPTER 6 RATIO, REGRESSION, AND DIFFERENCE ESTIMATION

197

(54)

6.1 Introduction

197

(1)

6.2 Surveys that require the use of ratio estimators

198

(2)

6.3 Ratio estimation using simple random sampling

200

(9)

6.4 Selecting the sample size

209

(9)

6.5 Ratio estimation in stratified random sampling

218

(4)

6.6 Regression estimation

222

(4)

6.7 Difference estimation

226

(2)

6.8 Relative efficiency of estimators

228

(7)

6.9 Summary

235

(2)

Exercises

237

(10)

Experiences with real data

247

(4)

CHAPTER 7 SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

251

(38)

7.1 Introduction

251

(3)

7.2 How to draw a systematic sample

254

(1)

7.3 Estimation of a population mean and total

255

(7)

7.4 Estimation of a population proportion

262

(2)

7.5 Selecting the sample size

264

(2)

7.6 Repeated systematic sampling

266

(4)

7.7 Further discussion of variance estimators

270

(8)

7.8 Summary

278

(2)

Exercises

280

(6)

Experience with real data

286

(3)

CHAPTER 8 CLUSTER SAMPLING

289

(46)

8.1 Introduction

289

(2)

8.2 How to draw a cluster sample

291

(2)

8.3 Estimation of a population mean and total

293

(6)

8.4 Equal cluster sizes; comparison to simple random sampling

299

(4)

8.5 Selecting the sample size for estimating population means and totals

303

(4)

8.6 Estimation of a population proportion

307

(4)

8.7 Selecting the sample size for estimating proportions

311

(1)

8.8 Cluster sampling combined with stratification

312

(2)

8.9 Cluster sampling with probabilities proportional to size

314

(6)

8.10 Summary

320

(2)

Exercises

322

(10)

Experiences with real data

332

(3)

CHAPTER 9 TWO-STAGE CLUSTER SAMPLING

335

(28)

9.1 Introduction

335

(2)

9.2 How to draw a two-stage cluster sample

337

(1)

9.3 Unbiased estimation of a population mean and total

337

(5)

9.4 Ratio estimation of a population mean

342

(3)

9.5 Estimation of a population proportion

345

(3)

9.6 Sampling equal-sized clusters

348

(4)

9.7 Two-stage cluster sampling with probabilities proportional to size

352

(3)

9.8 Summary

355

(1)

Exercises

356

(4)

Experiences with real data

360

(3)

CHAPTER 10 ESTIMATING THE POPULATION SIZE

363

(24)

10.1 Introduction

363

(1)

10.2 Estimation of a population size using direct sampling

364

(2)

10.3 Estimation of a population size using inverse sampling

366

(1)

10.4 Choosing sample sizes for direct and inverse sampling

367

(4)

10.5 Estimating population density and size from quadrat samples

371

(4)

10.6 Estimating population density and size from stocked quadrats

375

(2)

10.7 Summary

377

(3)

Exercises

380

(2)

Experiences with real data

382

(5)

CHAPTER 11 SUPPLEMENTAL TOPICS

387

(18)

11.1 Introduction

387

(1)

11.2 Interpenetrating subsamples

388

(2)

11.3 Estimation of means and totals over subpopulations

390

(5)

11.4 Random-response model

395

(4)

11.5 Selecting the number of callbacks

399

(2)

11.6 Summary

401

(1)

Exercises

402

(2)

Experiences with real data

404

(1)

CHAPTER 12 SUMMARY

405

(18)

12.1 Summary of the designs and methods

405

(2)

12.2 Comparisons among the designs and methods

407

(2)

Exercises

409

(14)

APPENDIX 1

423

(12)

References and Bibliography

423

(2)

Tables

425

(3)

Derivation of some main results

428

(7)

APPENDIX 2

435

(12)

Macros for MINITAB

435

(12)

APPENDIX 3

447

(26)

Macros for SAS

447

(26)

APPENDIX 4

473

(20)

Data sets

473

(20)

SELECTED ANSWERS

493

(4)

INDEX

497

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Elementary Survey Sampling

Summary

Table of Contents

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