Elements of Argument : A Text and Reader

Elements of Argumentcombines a thorough argument text on critical thinking, reading, writing, and research with an extensive reader on both current and timeless controversial issues. It presents everything students need to analyze, research, and write arguments. Elements of Argumentcovers Toulmin, Aristotelian, and Rogerian models of argument and has been thoroughly updated with current selections students will want to read. It now includes additional support for academic writing, making it a truly flexible classroom resource. An electronic edition is available at half the price of the print book.

Annette T. Rottenberg, formerly assistant director of the writing program at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, has taught composition and literature at Chicago City College, SUNY at Buffalo, Duke University, and schools abroad.   Donna Haisty Winchell has directed the Freshman Composition program and co-directed Digital Portfolio Institutes at Clemson University, where she is Professor of English.  She has edited several freshman writing anthologies and is a frequent presenter at professional conferences.

Preface  Part One: Understanding Argument 1. Approaches To Argument      *Aristotelian Rhetoric
 
     *Sample Essay With Analysis: Aristotelian           *Juan Williams, Don’t Mourn Brown v. Board Of Education      *Rogerian Argument           Joe Sharkey, Airport Screeners Could See X-Rated X-Rays            Chris Kapper, Freedom to Live Trumps All!      *Sample Essay with Analysis: Rogerian           *Michael Kinsley, Racial Profiling At The Airport: Discrimination We’re Afraid to Be          Against      The Toulmin Model
 
     The Terms of Toulmin Argument           The Claim
 
          The Support
 
          The Warrant      Writer’s Guide: Learning the Key Terms      Sample Essay with Analysis: Toulmin           Robert J. Samuelson, The Hard Truth of Immigration 
  
     Assignments for Understanding the Structure of Argument      Research Readiness: Using Databases
  
2. Critical Reading      Pre-reading      Research Skill: Examining Author, Subject, and Context
 
          Charles Krauthammer, Let’s Have No More Monkey Trials
     Comprehension      Strategies for Comprehending Arguments      Sample Annotated Essay           Edward Jay Epstein, Sex And The Cinema
 
     Writer’s Guide: Annotating a Text      Research Skill: Summarizing      Evaluation      Sample Annotated Essay           Alfie Kohn, No-Win Situations           *Stephanie Fairyington, The Gay Option      Critical Listening      Reading a Visual Argument      Assignments for Critical Reading      Research Readiness: Skimming and Summarizing
  
3. Analytical Writing      Writing the Claim           *Roger Kaplan, Enabling Ignorance      Planning the Structure      Using Sentence Forms to Construct an Argument      Providing Support      Writer’s Guide: Incorporating Quotations into Your Text      Documenting Your Sources      Writer’s Guide: Documenting Use of Summary, Paraphrase, and Quotation      Avoiding Plagiarism
 
     Examining Some Models
  
     Sample Essay and Analytical Response: Claim of Fact            *Eric Jaffe, Reality Check
   
     Student Analytical Response: Claim of Fact           *Deion Moore, Psychoanalyzing Reality TV
 
      Sample Essay and Analytical Response: Claim of Value           *Noam Shpancer, The Meaning Of Reality (TV)      Student Analytical Response: Claim of Value           *Ashley Wilson, The Meaning Of Shpancer (Really)
      Sample Essay with Analysis: Rogerian Argument           Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, Parents Need Help: Restricting Access To Video Games      Readings for Analysis           Alan M. Dershowitz, Is There a Torturous Road to Justice?           Seth Finkelstein, Alan Dershowitz’s Tortuous Torturous Argument           *Barbara A. Spellman, Could Reality Shows Become Reality Experiments?      *Debate: Should We all Pledge to End Derogatory Use of the Word “Retard”?           *Patricia E. Bauer, A Movie, a Word and My Family’s Battle           *Christopher M. Fairman, The Case Against Banning The Word “Retard”
  
     Assignments for Analytical Writing      Research Readiness: Incorporating Quotations

Part Two: Analyzing the Elements 4. Definition      The Purposes of Definition      Defining the Terms in Your Argument      Methods for Defining Terms
       The Definition Essay      Writer’s Guide: Writing a Definition Essay      Sample Annotated Essay           Brian Whitaker, The Definition of Terrorism      Readings for Analysis            *Stanley Fish, When Is a Cross a Cross?           *William Deresiewicz, Faux Friendship           *Guy-Uriel Charles, Stop Calling Quake Victims Looters      Debate: Is the Definition of Marriage Changing?           Howard Moody, Gay Marriage Shows Why We Need To Separate Church and State           Jo Ann Citron, Will It Be Marriage or Civil Union?      Assignments for Understanding Definition      Research Readiness: Using Encyclopedias 5. Claims      Claims of Fact      Sample Essay: Claim of Fact            Robert J. Samuelson, Picking Sides for the News      Claims of Value      Sample Essay: Claim of Value           Roger Ebert, Crash      Claims of Policy      Sample Annotated Essay: Claim of Policy           Elisha Dov Hack, College Life Versus My Moral Code      Readings for Analysis           Richard Hayes, Supersize Your Child?           Wesley Morris, “Saw” Good at Tying Things in Knots           *Amy Kamenetz, Take This Internship and Shove It      *Debate: What Is the Social Responsibility of Business?           *John Mackey, Putting Customers Ahead of Investors           *T. J. Rodgers, Put Profits First      Assignments for Understanding Claims      Research Readiness: Acknowledging Reliable Authorities 6. Support      Types of Support: Evidence and Appeals to Needs and Values      Evidence 
 
     Research Skill: Evaluation of Evidence
 
     Appeals to Needs and Values      Evaluation of Appeals to Needs and Values      Writer’s Guide: Using Effective Support      Sample Annotated Essay
  
          *Louis Uchitelle, American Dream Is Elusive for New Generation      Sample Essay with Analysis           Hal R. Varian, The True Cost Of SUVs           Bethany Royce, The True Confusion about SUV Costs
  
     Sample Student Essay           Kristen Weinacker, Safer? Tastier? More Nutritious? The Dubious Merits Of Organic          Foods       Readings for Analysis           Bernard Goldberg, Connecting The Dots... To Terrorism           *Charles Murray, Abolish the SAT           Theodora Ooms, Marriage-Plus       Debate: Is Assuming the Role of Citizen Journalist Worth the Risk?           Lily Yulianti, Praise For Student’s Footage Of Virginia Tech Mass Killing           Mark Memmott with Alan Levin and Greg Livadas, Disaster Photos: Newsworthy or          Irresponsible?      Assignments for Providing Support      Research Readiness: Using Books for Support 7. Warrants      What Are Warrants?           Robert A. Sirico, An Unjust Sacrifice      Types of Warrants      Sample Annotated Essay           Michael Levin, The Case for Torture      Writer’s Guide: Recognizing Warrants      Readings for Analysis           Eric Auchard, We’re All Celebrities in Post-Privacy Age           *Careerbuilder.com, Don’t Jump [Advertisement]           *Jeff Jacoby, What’s Wrong With Price Gouging?           *BackBayalltheWay, Response To Jacoby      *Debate: Is Recycling Plastic Good Stewardship or Bad Business?           *John Trotti, Why Let Stewardship Get in the Way of a Quick Buck?           *Sharon Kneiss, Argument for Recycling is Strong      Assignments for Analyzing Warrants      Research Readiness: Identifying Reliable Authorities 8. Logic      Induction      Sample Essay: An Inductive Argument
  
          Richard Rothstein, True Or False: Schools Fail Immigrants
 
     Deduction      Sample Annotated Essay: A Deductive Argument           David Von Drehle, It’s All About Him      Common Fallacies      Writer’s Guide: Avoiding Logical Fallacies      Readings for Analysis           *Adolf Hitler, On Nation And Race
 
          *Leon Seltzer and David Niose, Teen Sex: The “Holy”--vs. Humanistic--   Approach           Jennifer Grossman, Food For Thought (and for Credit)      Debate: Should the Federal Government Fund Embryonic Stem-Cell Research?           Anna Quindlen, A New Look, an Old Battle           Mona Charen, The Misleading Debate On Stem-Cell Research      Assignments for Avoiding Flawed Logic      Research Readiness: Using Up-to-Date Data 9. Language      The Power of Words           Franklin D. Roosevelt, Address To Congress, December 8, 1941      Connotation      Slanting           Newman P. Birk and Genevieve B. Birk, Selection, Slanting, and Charged Language
 
     Picturesque Language      Concrete and Abstract Language      Short Cuts      Sample Annotated Essay           George W. Bush, President’s Address to the Nation, September 11, 2006      Writer’s Guide: Choosing Your Words Carefully      Readings for Analysis
 
          *William Faulkner, Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech           *Jacob Neusner, The Speech The Graduates Didn’t Hear           *R. Cort Kirkwood, Driving Home Their Point       Debate: Does the Government Have the Right to Regulate Guns?           Warren E. Burger, The Right To Bear Arms           Roger D. McGrath, A God-Given Natural Right      Assignments for Choosing Fair and Precise Language      Research Readiness: Following a Research Trail
  
Part Three: Researching, Writing, and Presenting Arguments
 
10. The Argumentative Paper: Planning and Research      Finding an Appropriate Topic      Initiating Research      Writer’s Guide: Keeping Your Research on Track      Mapping Research: A Sample Outline      Using Sources: Primary Research      Using Sources: Secondary Research        Evaluating Sources      Taking Notes      Documenting Your Research (MLA System)      Documenting Your Research (APA System)      Wrapping Up Research 11. The Argumentative Paper: Writing and Documentation       Organizing the Material      Writing      The MLA System for Citing Sources       Revising      Preparing the Manuscript      Writer’s Guide: Checklist for Argumentative Papers      Sample Research Paper (MLA Style)           *Kathleen Hedden, Competitive Foods and the Obesity Epidemic
  
     The APA System for Citing Sources      Sample Research Paper (APA Style)           Angela Mathers, The Controversy Over Women In Combat
  
12. Oral Argument       The Audience      Credibility      Organization      Language      Support      Presentation Aids      Sample Persuasive Speech
 
          C. Renzi Stone, Live Longer And Healthier: Stop Eating Meat!      Reading for Analysis             Martin Luther King, Jr., I Have A Dream
   
Part Four: Multiple Viewpoints *13. How are Social Networking Sites Affecting Human Interactions?      *David Disalvo, Are Social Networks Messing With Your Head?      *Susan Greenfield, Children: Social Networking Sites, A Debate in the House of  Lords      *Kurt Cagle, As The Internet Rewires Our Brains
 
     *Patrick White, Facebook: Watching the Watchers      *Clive Thompson, Brave New World of Digital Intimacy      *Isaac Gilman, Online Lives, Offline Consequences: Professionalism, Information Ethics, and     Professional Students      Thinking and Writing about Social Networking Sites 14. What is the Role of Sex and Violence in Popular Culture?      Rebecca  L. Collins et al., Does Watching Sex on Television Influence Teens’ Sexual Activity?      *Nancy Willard, Sex and The Internet: Challenging the Myths      Thomas Doherty, Cultural Studies And “Forensic Noir”
 
     Richard Rhodes, Hollow Claims about Fantasy Violence      Jeff Jacoby, A Desensitized Society Drenched in Sleaze      Evan Gahr, Gore For Sale
 
     *Donna M. Hughes, The Internet and Sex Industries: Partners in Global Sexual Exploitation      Thinking and Writing About Sex and Violence in Popular Culture *15. What Are the Ethical Costs of Putting Food on Our Tables?      *Michael Pollan, Food Fight      *Sharon Astyk and Aaron Newton, The Rich Get Richer, The Poor Go Hungry      *Diane Brady, The Organic Myth      *Anna Lappé, The Climate Crisis At The End Of Our Fork      *Arturo Rodriguez, with Alexa Delwiche and Sheheryar Kaoosji, Cheap Food: Workers Pay     The Price      *Eric Holt Gimenez, The Fight Over Food Deserts: Corporate America Smacks its Way     Down      Thinking and Writing about the Ethics of Food 16. Is Academic Integrity on Our College Campuses under Assault?       Bill Walsh, Expect, but Respect, Original Work by Students       Julie Rawe, Battling Term-Paper Cheats      *Turnitin.com, Answers to Common Legal Questions about Turnitin      Donald L. McCabe, It Takes A Village: Academic Dishonesty and Educational Opportunity      Susan Stoney and Mark McMahon, Bulletproof Assessment, War Stories, and  Tactics:     Avoiding Cybercheating      Amy Brittain, Universities Strike Back In Battle Over Illegal Downloads      Thinking and Writing About Academic Integrity *17. What Biases Shape the News that We See and Hear?      *Andrew R. Cline, Media/Political Bias      *Bill Press, America’s Town Meeting      *Bernard Goldberg, Most Americans Just Don’t Trust Them      *Jesse Walker, The Age of Limbaugh: When Politics and Popular Entertainment Collide      *Dan Shelley, Secrets of Talk Radio      *James Poniewozik, Polarized News? The Media's Moderate Bias      Thinking and Writing about Media Bias 18. Are Limits on Freedom of Speech Ever Justified?      Tom Toles, “First Amendment” [Cartoon]      Alana Keynes, Student Sues School District for Banning Anti-War T-Shirt      Julie Hilden, The “Bong Hits 4 Jesus” Student Speech Case: With Kenneth Starr Seeking     High Court Review f the Ninth Circuit Decision, Is Someone Blowing Smoke?      Annie Laurie Gaylor, The Case Against School Prayer      Robert Garmong, Why We Need To Abolish The FCC      Patti Waldmeir, Freedom of Speech and My Right to Silence at Bath Time      Eric Foner, Dare Call it Treason      James Poniewozik, The Imus Fallout: Who Can Say What?      Thinking and Writing about the Limits on Freedom of Speech 19.  How Far Will We Go to Change Our Body Image?      Jillian Croll, From Body Image and Adolescents      *Carol Rose, On Pins and Needles Defending Artistic Expression      *Nanci Hellmich, Do Thin Models Warp Girls’ Body Image?
  
     Joe Kita, All To Be Tall      Allison Samuels, Smooth Operations      Leslie Fiedler, The Tyranny Of The Normal      Thinking and Writing about Body Image 20. In The World Of Medicine, Who Decides What Is Ethical?      Joy Victory, Need An Organ? It Helps to Be Rich      Lawrence A. Howards, Ethics Of Organ Donation      George J. Annas, Cancer and the Constitution--Choice at Life’s End      Nancy Gibbs, Pillow Angel Ethics      Jeffrey P. Kahn, “Adoption” of Frozen Embryos a Loaded Term      Sabrina Rubin Erdely, Doctors' Beliefs Hinder Patient Care      Thinking and Writing about Medical Ethics Part Five: Classic Arguments      *Plato, From Crito      Jonathan Swift, A Modest Proposal      Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedience      *Carrie Chapman Catt, The Crisis      Margaret Mead, Warfare: An Invention--Not A Biological Necessity
  
     George Orwell, Politics and the English Language      Martin Luther King Jr., Letter From Birmingham Jail
   
    Glossary       Index of Subjects      Index of Authors and Titles 
 
*=new