Emergency Medicine

, by Plantz, Scott H.; Adler, Jonathan N., M.D.

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ISBN: 9780683181074 | 0683181076
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 10/1/1997

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NMS Emergency Medicine provides medical students, PA students, nurse practitioners and residents with a comprehensive format for emergency medicine course and USMLE review. Due to the general nature of the specialty, this text provides a great review for boards.

Contributors

xiii

(4)

Preface

xvii

Part I: Acute Resuscitation

(34)

1 Resuscitation

(34)

I. Discussion

(1)

II. Approach to the patient

(1)

III. Airway

(8)

IV. Breathing

(2)

V. Circulation

(8)

VI. Specific resuscitation situations

(15)

Part II: Medical Emergencies

(482)

2 Cardiovascular Emergencies

(72)

I. Chest pain

(3)

II. Myocardial ischemic disease

(11)

III. Congestive heart failure (CHF) and pulmonary edema

(3)

IV. Rhythm disturbances

(9)

V. Implanted cardiac devices

(6)

VI. Hypertension

(3)

VII. Syncope

(4)

VIII. Valvular disease

(6)

IX. Pericardial disease

(5)

X. Primary myocardial diseases

(5)

XI. Infectious endocarditis

(4)

XII. Vascular disease

(13)

3 Pulmonary Emergencies

109

(26)

I. Acute respiratory failure

109

(2)

II. Asthma

111

(2)

III. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

113

(2)

IV. Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema (NCPE)

115

(1)

V. Hemoptysis

116

(2)

VI. Pulmonary embolism

118

(3)

VII. Pleural effusions

121

(1)

VIII. Pneumonia

122

(3)

IX. Mycobacterial pulmonary disease

125

(3)

X. Pneumothorax

128

(7)

4 Gastrointestinal Emergencies

135

(32)

I. Abdominal pain

135

(4)

II. Esophageal disorders

139

(3)

III. Gastrointestinal foreign bodies

142

(2)

IV. Peptic ulcer disease

144

(1)

V. Gastroenteritis of infectious origin

145

(3)

VI. Intestinal disorders

148

(4)

VII. Anorectal disorders

152

(2)

VIII. Hepatitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, and appendicitis

154

(5)

IX. Hernia

159

(1)

X. Vascular disorders

160

(7)

5 Urogenital Emergencies

167

(24)

I. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

167

(2)

II. Nephrolithiasis

169

(2)

III. Urinary retention

171

(2)

IV. Renal failure

173

(2)

V. Genital lesions

175

(4)

VI. Male urogenital problems

179

(12)

6 Infectious Disease Emergencies

191

(38)

I. Sepsis

191

(3)

II. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

194

(5)

III. Central nervous system (CNS) infections

199

(6)

IV. Sexually transmitted diseases (other than AIDS)

205

(3)

V. Upper respiratory tract infections

208

(5)

VI. Skin and soft tissue infections

213

(4)

VII. Bone infections (osteomyelitis)

217

(1)

VIII. Other infections

218

(11)

7 Metabolic Emergencies

229

(18)

I. Sodium imbalance

229

(2)

II. Potassium imbalance

231

(3)

III. Calcium imbalance

234

(1)

IV. Magnesium imbalance

235

(2)

V. Acid-base imbalance

237

(10)

8 Endocrine Emergencies

247

(16)

I. Hypoglycemia

247

(1)

II. Diabetic ketoacidosis

248

(1)

III. Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma

249

(2)

IV. Alcoholic ketoacidosis

251

(1)

V. Lactic acidosis

252

(1)

VI. Thyroid disorders

253

(3)

VII. Adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis

256

(2)

VIII. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

258

(5)

9 Neurologic Emergencies

263

(32)

I. Altered mental status and coma

263

(5)

II. Headache

268

(5)

III. Cerebrovascular accident

273

(5)

IV. Vertigo

278

(2)

V. Seizures

280

(3)

VI. Peripheral neuropathies

283

(2)

VII. Multiple sclerosis

285

(2)

VIII. Muscle disorders

287

(2)

IX. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

289

(6)

10 Rheumatologic and Allergic Emergencies

295

(38)

I. Anaphylaxis

295

(5)

II. Urticaria and angioedema

300

(2)

III. Neck pain

302

(5)

IV. Thoracic and lumbar back pain

307

(6)

V. Monoarticular arthritis

313

(5)

VI. Polyarticular arthritis

318

(5)

VII. Connective tissue disorders

323

(10)

11 Dermatologic Emergencies

333

(22)

I. Approach to the patient with dermatologic lesions

333

(1)

II. Disorders characterized by vesicular lesions

334

(2)

III. Disorders characterized by vesiculobullous lesions

336

(3)

IV. Disorders characterized by papulosquamous eruptions

339

(1)

V. Dermatitis

340

(1)

VI. Erythema nodosum

341

(1)

VII. Fungal skin infections

342

(1)

VIII. Parasitic skin infections

343

(2)

IX. Viral exanthems

345

(2)

X. Bacterial skin infections

347

(2)

XI. Life-threatening dermatoses

349

(6)

12 Ear, Eye, Nose, Throat, and Dental Emergencies

355

(40)

I. Eye

355

(15)

II. Ear

370

(4)

III. Nose

374

(6)

IV. Throat

380

(4)

V. Teeth, maxilla, and mandible

384

(11)

13 Psychiatric Emergencies

395

(10)

I. Organic brain disorders and psychosis

395

(1)

II. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

396

(1)

III. Panic disorder

397

(1)

IV. Conversion reactions

398

(1)

V. Depression and suicide

399

(6)

14 Obstetric and Gynecologic Emergencies

405

(32)

I. Pelvic pain

405

(2)

II. Ectopic pregnancy

407

(3)

III. Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy

410

(3)

IV. Hypertension in pregnancy

413

(4)

V. Emergency delivery

417

(1)

VI. Complications of parturition

417

(3)

VII. Vaginitis, cervicitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

420

(3)

VIII. Abnormal vaginal bleeding in nonpregnant patients

423

(3)

IX. Amenorrhea

426

(2)

X. Sexual assault

428

(9)

15 Pediatric Emergencies

437

(54)

I. Approach to the ill pediatric patient

437

(4)

II. Pain

441

(2)

III. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

443

(3)

IV. Ingested foreign bodies

446

(2)

V. Respiratory tract infections

448

(11)

VI. Otitis media

459

(3)

VII. Congenital heart disease

462

(3)

VIII. Kawasaki disease

465

(2)

IX. Bacteremia, meningitis, and sepsis

467

(2)

X. Gastrointestinal disorders

469

(12)

XI. Seizures

481

(3)

XII. Child abuse

484

(7)

16 Hematologic and Oncologic Emergencies

491

(28)

I. Approach to the bleeding patient

491

(5)

II. Hematologic emergencies

496

(12)

III. Oncologic emergencies

508

(11)

Part III: Traumatic Emergencies

519

(86)

17 Trauma Emergencies

519

(46)

I. Introduction

519

(1)

II. General approach to the trauma patient

519

(2)

III. Traumatic shock

521

(2)

IV. Head injuries

523

(4)

V. Spinal injuries

527

(4)

VI. Penetrating and blunt neck trauma

531

(3)

VII. Thoracic trauma

534

(5)

VIII. Abdominal trauma

539

(3)

IX. Pelvic trauma

542

(3)

X. Genitourinary trauma

545

(4)

XI. Pediatric trauma

549

(5)

XII. Trauma in pregnancy

554

(2)

XIII. Burns

556

(9)

18 Orthopedic Emergencies

565

(20)

I. Introduction

565

(6)

II. Hand and wrist injuries

571

(3)

III. Forearm, elbow, upper arm, and shoulder injuries

574

(2)

IV. Pelvis, hip, and femur injuries

576

(1)

V. Knee injuries

577

(1)

VI. Lower leg, ankle, and foot injuries

578

(1)

VII. Complications of orthopedic injuries

579

(6)

19 Wound Emergencies

585

(20)

I. Stages of wound healing

585

(1)

II. Prehospital care of wounds

585

(1)

III. Evaluation of wounds in the emergency department (ED)

586

(2)

IV. Wound care

588

(4)

V. Wound closure

592

(2)

VI. Care of specific wound types

594

(2)

VII. Follow-up care

596

(9)

Part IV: Toxicologic and Environmental Emergencies

605

(80)

20 Toxicologic Emergencies

605

(38)

I. Approach to the patient

605

(3)

II. Over-the-counter drugs

608

(5)

III. Prescription drugs

613

(10)

IV. Drugs of abuse

623

(3)

V. Toxic alcohols

626

(3)

VI. Carbon monoxide

629

(1)

VII. Anticholinergics

630

(1)

VIII. Industrial chemicals

631

(3)

IX. Iron toxicity

634

(3)

X. Caustic ingestions

637

(6)

21 Environmental Emergencies

643

(42)

I. Introduction

643

(1)

II. Cold-related illness and injury

643

(7)

III. Heat-related illness

650

(5)

IV. High-altitude emergencies

655

(4)

V. Scuba diving injuries

659

(3)

VI. Drowning and near drowning

662

(2)

VII. Smoke inhalation injuries

664

(2)

VIII. Lightning injuries

666

(1)

IX. Venomous snakebites

667

(3)

X. Insect and arachnid bites and stings

670

(4)

XI. Venomous marine animal injuries

674

(11)

Part V: Special Considerations

685

(36)

22 Emergency Medical Services

685

(16)

I. History of emergency medical services (EMS)

685

(2)

II. Models of EMS delivery

687

(1)

III. EMS personnel

688

(3)

IV. EMS dispatch

691

(1)

V. Medical direction of EMS

691

(2)

VI. EMS equipment

693

(2)

VII. Air EMS

695

(1)

VIII. EMS at mass gatherings

695

(1)

IX. EMS research

696

(5)

23 Disaster Medicine

701

(8)

I. Defining disasters

701

(1)

II. Phases of disaster response

702

(2)

III. Role of the emergency physician

704

(1)

IV. Federal disaster resources

705

(1)

V. Disaster research

706

(3)

24 Legal Issues

709

(12)

I. Introduction

709

(1)

II. Informed consent

710

(1)

III. Patient confidentiality and reportable conditions

711

(1)

IV. Involuntary holds

712

(1)

V. Patient transfer laws

713

(8)

Comprehensive Exam

721

(34)

Index

755

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Emergency Medicine

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials