Engaging Geopolitics

Engaging Geopolitics provides a comprehensive introduction to the influence of geography, demography and economics on politics and international relations in the world in which we live today. The authors' expressed aim is to make geopolitics more accessible to undergraduate students, with the hope that the book will be an ideal starting pointing for those who will be moving vertically into more advanced courses in political geography or laterally into other concerns of international affairs.

Acknowledgements

vii

Introduction

1

(4)

Beginning in Central Asia

1

(1)

Goals of the authors and the meaning of our words

2

(1)

Questions for the reader

3

(1)

Book organization

4

(1)

Fundamental Concepts of Geopolitics

5

(17)

The geographical perspective

5

(2)

Nations and states

7

(2)

Power and territory

9

(1)

Territory and conflict

10

(1)

Geopolitics and the modern world economy

10

(2)

The dawn of modern geopolitics

12

(9)

Conclusions

21

(1)

The Cold War

22

(15)

Introduction

22

(1)

The emergence of the Cold War

23

(1)

The unfolding of the Cold War

24

(1)

The Cold War in the 1950s and 1960s

24

(1)

Vietnam and the end of the Cold War consensus

25

(1)

The Cold War during the 1970s and 1980s

26

(1)

Europe during the Cold War

27

(4)

The Third World in the Cold War

31

(3)

Shatterbelts

34

(1)

Non-alignment

35

(1)

The end of the Cold War

35

(2)

Geopolitics and the less developed countries

37

(17)

Introduction

37

(1)

The less developed countries today

38

(6)

Colonialism and the less developed countries

44

(5)

Geopolitics and the less developed countries

49

(4)

Geopolitics and the less developed countries after the Cold War

53

(1)

Nationalism and Culture

54

(15)

Introduction

54

(2)

What is nationalism?

56

(4)

Nationalism and perception

60

(3)

The concept of ``enemy''

63

(4)

Minority groups

67

(1)

From tribalism to global village: where is nationalism headed?

68

(1)

Security and Conflict

69

(29)

What role does geography play in war?

69

(3)

Defining concepts of territoriality, conflict, and security

72

(4)

War within the state tradition in geopolitics

76

(3)

About war and choices

79

(7)

New security threats

86

(12)

The Environment

98

(25)

The intersection of environmental concerns and geopolitics

98

(1)

Resource concepts applicable to geopolitics

99

(5)

Inventory of global environmental issues

104

(9)

The interest groups

113

(7)

Dealing with geopolitical conflicts over the environment

120

(3)

International Law

123

(23)

International law and common morality

123

(1)

Defining international law

124

(2)

International law and political institutions

126

(4)

Conflict resolution

130

(5)

``All necessary means'': intervention in conflict

135

(3)

Human rights

138

(3)

Keeping order beyond interstate conflict

141

(1)

International law and the individual

142

(2)

UNCLOS and UNCED: the wave of the future?

144

(2)

Living with Paradox

146

(3)

The role of the state

146

(1)

The concept of sovereignty

146

(1)

The meaning of nationalism

147

(1)

The erosion of boundaries

147

(1)

Scale is everything

148

(1)

Moral codes are everything else

148

(1)

Bibliography

149

(4)

Index

153

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Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials