Entangled An Archaeology of the Relationships

A powerful and innovative argument that explores the complexity of the human relationship with material things, demonstrating how humans and societies are entrapped into the maintenance and sustaining of material worlds Argues that the interrelationship of humans and things is a defining characteristic of human history and culture Offers a nuanced argument that values the physical processes of things without succumbing to materialism Discusses historical and modern examples, using evolutionary theory to show how long-standing entanglements are irreversible and increase in scale and complexity over time Integrates aspects of a diverse array of contemporary theories in archaeology and related natural and biological sciences Provides a critical review of many of the key contemporary perspectives from materiality, material culture studies and phenomenology to evolutionary theory, behavioral archaeology, cognitive archaeology, human behavioral ecology, Actor Network Theory and complexity theory

Ian Hodder is Dunlevie Family Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Stanford University. Previously he was Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge. His main large-scale excavation projects have been at Haddenham in the east of England and at Çatalhöyük in Turkey. He has been awarded several awards and honorary degrees. His books include The Leopard’s Tale: Revealing the Mysteries of Çatalhöyük, The Archaeological Process (Blackwell), The Domestication of Europe (Blackwell), Symbols in Action and Reading the Past.

Epigraph	p. ix
List of Figures	p. x
Acknowledgments	p. xii
Thinking About Things Differently	p. 1
Approaches to Things	p. 1
Themes About Things	p. 3
Things are Not Isolated	p. 3
Things are Not Inert	p. 4
Things Endure over Different Temporalities	p. 5
Things Often Appear as Non-things	p. 5
The Forgetness of Things	p. 6
What Is a Thing?	p. 7
Humans and Things	p. 9
Knowing Things	p. 10
Conclusion: The Objectness of Things	p. 13
Humans Depend on Things	p. 15
Dependence: Some Introductory Concepts	p. 17
Forms of Dependence	p. 17
Reflective and Non-reflective Relationships with Things	p. 18
Going Towards and Away From Things	p. 21
Identification and Ownership	p. 23
Approaches to the Human Dependence On Things	p. 27
Being There with Things	p. 27
Material Culture and Materiality	p. 30
Cognition and the Extended Mind	p. 34
Conclusion: Things R Us	p. 38
Things Depend on Other Things	p. 40
Forms of Connection between Things	p. 42
Production and Reproduction	p. 42
Exchange	p. 43
Use	p. 43
Consumption	p. 43
Discard	p. 43
Post-deposition	p. 44
Affordances	p. 48
From Affordance to Dependence	p. 51
The French School - Operational Chains	p. 52
Behavioral Chains	p. 54
Conclusion	p. 58
Things Depend on Humans	p. 64
Things Fall Apart	p. 68
Behavioral Archaeology and Material Behavior	p. 70
Behavioral Ecology	p. 74
Human Behavioral Ecology	p. 80
The Temporalities of Things	p. 84
Conclusion: The Unruliness of Things	p. 85
Entanglement	p. 88
Other Approaches	p. 89
Latour and Actor Network Theory	p. 91
The Archaeology of Entanglement	p. 94
The Physical Processes of Things	p. 95
Temporalities	p. 98
Forgetness	p. 101
The Tautness of Entanglements	p. 103
Types and Degrees of Entanglement	p. 105
Cores and Peripheries of Entanglements	p. 108
Contingency	p. 109
Conclusion	p. 111
Fittingness	p. 113
Nested Fittingness	p. 114
Return to Affordance	p. 115
Coherence: Abstraction, Metaphor, Mimesis and Resonance	p. 119
Abstraction, Metaphor and Mimesis	p. 120
Synaesthesia	p. 124
Resonance	p. 125
Coherence and Resonance at Çatalhöyük	p. 132
Conclusion	p. 135
The Evolution and Persistence of Things	p. 138
Evolutionary Approaches	p. 139
Evolutionary Ecology (HBE)	p. 141
Evolutionary Archaeology	p. 142
Dual Inheritance Theory	p. 144
Evolution and Entanglement	p. 147
Niche Construction	p. 149
Evolution at Çatalhöyük	p. 151
Conclusion	p. 156
Things happen …	p. 158
The Complexity of Entanglements	p. 159
Open, Complex and Discontinuous Entanglements	p. 159
Unruly Things: Contingency	p. 159
Conjunction of Temporalities	p. 160
Catalysis: Small Things and the Emergence of Big Effects	p. 163
Is there a Directionality to Entanglements?	p. 167
Some Neolithic Examples	p. 171
Macro-evolutionary Approaches	p. 173
Why Do Entanglements Increase the Rate of Change?	p. 174
Conclusion	p. 177
Tracing the Threads	p. 179
Tanglegrams	p. 180
Locating Entanglements	p. 185
Sequencing Entanglements - at Çatalhöyük	p. 189
Sequencing Entanglements - the Origins of Agriculture in the Middle East	p. 195
Causality and Directionality	p. 200
Conclusion	p. 204
Conclusions	p. 206
The Object Nature of Things	p. 207
Too Much Stuff ?	p. 210
Temporality and Structure	p. 212
Power and Agency	p. 213
To and from Formulaic Reduction	p. 216
Things Again	p. 218
Some Ethical Considerations	p. 220
The Last Thing on my Mind	p. 221
Bibliography	p. 223
Index	p. 245
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Entangled An Archaeology of the Relationships between Humans and Things

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