Enteric Hepatitis Viruses

Viruses that are transmitted via the fecal-oral route and may cause liver damage are known as enteric hepatitis viruses. These viruses, which include the hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV, respectively), infect millions of individuals worldwide and pose significant threats to public health.

Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines recent progress in our understanding of the biology and pathogenic mechanisms of HAV and HEV, as well as prospects for improving their control. Contributors explore the molecular characteristics and life cycles of HAV and HEV, their interactions with the liver and immune system, the clinical manifestations of the infections they cause, and their transmission via contaminated food and water. Additional topics include the geographic distributions of the various HAV and HEV genotypes, factors that influence their changing epidemiology, and the development of effective vaccines and vaccination strategies.

The authors also discuss advances in cell-culture systems and animal models, as well as how studies of HAV and HEV may provide insight into other viruses and infectious diseases of the liver. This volume is therefore an essential reference for all virologists, immunologists, pathologists, clinicians, and public health professionals.

Contents (preliminary)

Preface

HAV and HEV: Emerging and Re-emerging Enterically Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses
Stanley M. Lemon and Christopher M. Walker

History of the Discovery of Hepatitis A Virus
Stephen M. Feinstone

Enterically Transmitted Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis and the Discovery of Hepatitis E Virus
Stanley M. Lemon and Christopher M. Walker

Classification and Genomic Diversity of Enterically Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses
Donald B. Smith and Peter Simmonds

HAV Genome Organization and Replication Strategy
Kevin L. McKnight and Stanley M. Lemon

HAV Codon Usage: Implications for Translation Kinetics and Capsid Folding
Rosa M. Pintó, Francisco-Javier Pérez-Rodríguez, Lucia D'Andrea,
Montserrat de Castellarnau, Susana Guix, and Albert Bosch

Hepatitis A Virus Capsid Structure
David I. Stuart, Jingshan Ren, Xiangxi Wang, Zihe Rao, and Elizabeth E. Fry

Hepatitis E Virus Genome Structure and Replication Strategy
Scott P. Kenney and Xiang-Jin Meng

Evolutionary Origins of Enteric Hepatitis Viruses
Anna-Lena Sander, Victor Max Corman, Alexander N. Lukashev,
and Jan Felix Drexler

Stem Cell-Derived Culture Models of HEV Infection
Viet Loan Dao Thi, Xianfang Wu, and Charles M. Rice

Murine Models of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Infection
Asuka Hirai-Yuki, Jason K. Whitmire, Michael Joyce, D. Lorne Tyrrell, and
Stanley M. Lemon

Small Animal Models of Hepatitis E Viruses
Tian-Cheng Li and Takaji Wakita

Nonhuman Primate Models of HAV and HEV Infections
Robert E. Lanford, Christopher M. Walker, and Stanley M. Lemon

Comparative Pathology of HAV and HEV Infection
John M. Cullen and Stanley M. Lemon

Globalization and the Changing Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV)
Kathryn H. Jacobsen

Epidemiology and Transmission of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infections in the United States
Megan G. Hofmeister, Monique A. Foster, and Eyasu H. Teshale

Epidemiology of Genotype 1 and 2 Hepatitis E Virus Infections
Kenrad E. Nelson, Alain B. Labrique, and Brittany L. Kmush

Transmission and Epidemiology of HEV Genotype 3 and 4 Infections
Harry R. Dalton and Jacques Izopet

Natural History, Clinical Manifestations, and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis A
Eui-Cheol Shin and Sook-Hyang Jeong

Natural History, Clinical Manifestations, and Pathogenesis of HEV Genotype 1 and 2 Infections
Rakesh Aggarwal and Amit Goel

Acute and Persistent HEV Genotype 3 and 4 Infections: Clinical Features, Pathogenesis, and Treatment
Nassim Kamar and Sven Pischke

Innate Immunity to Enteric Hepatitis Viruses
Zongdi Feng and Stanley M. Lemon

Adaptive Immune Responses During HAV and HEV Infections
Christopher M. Walker

Immunization Against Hepatitis A
Daniel Shouval

Immunization Against Hepatitis E
Bruce L. Innis and Julia A. Lynch

Index