- ISBN: 9780849373879 | 0849373875
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 7/30/2009
Strongly grounded in the scientific method and evidence, The Environment: Science, Issues, and Solutions presents an organized, accessible, building block approach that introduces the principles of ecology. This book examines the effects of technology use and the unprecedented economic growth and development that has tipped the natural balance of the environment, resulting in serious local, regional, and global environmental problems. This comprehensive text explores the need for interrelated long-term solutions for the prevention and mitigation of environmental problems. An accompanying instructor's guide as well as PowerPoint presentations are available for professional educators.
| Preface | p. xiii |
| Acknowledgments | p. xv |
| The Authors | p. xvii |
| International System of Units (SI) | p. xix |
| Ecosystem Structure and Function | |
| The Environment and the Nature of Scientific Enquiry | p. 3 |
| Meaning and Significance of the Environment | |
| The Pale Blue Dot | |
| Stories in the News | |
| Advent of Global Environmental Awakening | |
| Focus on Environmental Problems Sharpens | |
| Advances in Environmental Research and Regulation | |
| The Scientific Method | |
| Types of Scientific Studies | |
| The Two Cultures and the Environment | |
| The Urge to Live, Live Well, and Live Better | |
| Biosphere and the Science of Ecology | p. 19 |
| The Biosphere | |
| The Lithosphere | |
| The Hydrosphere | |
| The Science of Ecology | |
| The Ecosystem Concept | |
| Atmosphere, Climate, and Organisms | p. 33 |
| Atmosphere | |
| Climate and Weather | |
| Global Climate and General Circulation | |
| Solar Radiation and Light | |
| Heat and Air Temperature | |
| Precipitation, Humidity, and Wind | |
| Influence of Topography | |
| Climate, Weather, and Humans | |
| The Soil Environment | p. 51 |
| Soil Defined | |
| Origin of Soils | |
| Soil Physical Characteristics | |
| Soil Chemical Relations | |
| Soil Biota | |
| Soils and Plant Distribution | |
| Soil Formation | |
| Major Soils of the World | |
| The Aquatic Environment | p. 75 |
| Characteristics of Water | |
| Hydrological Cycle | |
| Streams and Rivers | |
| Freshwater Lakes | |
| Saline Lakes | |
| Wetlands | |
| Oceans, Seas, and Estuaries | |
| Biogeochemical Cycling of Materials | p. 97 |
| Biogeochemical Cycles | |
| Drivers of Biogeochemical Cycles | |
| Hydrological or Water Cycle | |
| Gaseous Cycles | |
| Mineral or Sedimentary Cycles | |
| Interactions of Biogeochemical Cycles | |
| Energy Flows and Ecosystem Productivity | p. 115 |
| Solar Energy-the Driving Variable | |
| Laws of Thermodynamics | |
| Terrestrial Primary Productivity | |
| Photosynthetic Pathways | |
| Ecological Controls on Primary Productivity | |
| Aquatic Primary Productivity | |
| Secondary Productivity | |
| Bioaccumulation through Food Webs | |
| Population Ecology | p. 137 |
| Populations-the Central Units in Ecology and Evolution | |
| Population Growth | |
| Regulation of Population Size | |
| Spatial Patterns of Population Abundance | |
| Life Histories of Organisms | |
| Interspecific Interactions and Population Dynamics | |
| Community Ecology and Succession | p. 157 |
| Ecological Communities | |
| Community Structure | |
| Ecological Succession | |
| Changes in Succession | |
| Controls on Succession | |
| Mechanisms of Succession | |
| Rangeland Succession | |
| Concept of Climax, Old-Growth, or Mature Communities | |
| Biomes-the Major Ecosystems of the World | p. 179 |
| Introduction | |
| Biomes | |
| Tundra and Alpine | |
| Taiga | |
| Temperate Deciduous Forest | |
| Grassland | |
| Temperate Coniferous Forest | |
| Dry-Mesic Forest | |
| Temperate Rain Forest | |
| Desert | |
| Tropical Rain Forest | |
| Tropical Savannas | |
| Ecotones | |
| Ecoregions | |
| Contemporary Environmental Issues | |
| Human Population Growth | p. 215 |
| Introduction | |
| Forces Driving Human Population Growth | |
| Rapid Growth in Numbers Means Greater Consumption | |
| Biophysical Controls over Population Growth | |
| Increasing Consumption and Decreasing Natural Resources | |
| Uneven Access to Natural Capital Threatens Global Security | |
| Environmental Refugees | |
| Overall Assessment of Increasing Human Numbers | |
| Land Use-Agriculture | p. 237 |
| Agriculture in Retrospect | |
| Traditional and Industrialized Agriculture | |
| Food Bounty of the United States | |
| Energy Input into Agriculture | |
| The Green Revolution | |
| Land Use Conflicts | |
| Growing Monocultures | |
| Sustaining Energy Subsidies | |
| Biocides: Use, Persistence, and Health Effects | |
| Disruption of Biogeochemical Cycles | |
| Soil Erosion | |
| Desertification | |
| Animal Agriculture | |
| Challenges of Food Security | |
| Land Use-Forest Resources | p. 259 |
| Forest Ecosystems in Perspective | |
| Global and National Extent of Forests | |
| Types and Functions of Forests | |
| Forest Products | |
| Harvesting | |
| Deforestation and Its Underlying Causes | |
| Impacts on the Hydrological Cycle | |
| Impacts on Gaseous and Sedimentary Cycles | |
| Habitat Fragmentation and Loss of Biodiversity | |
| Forest Death: Mortality, Insects, and Pathogens | |
| Forest Fires | |
| Challenges for Forest Management | |
| Land Use-Mining for Mineral and Coal Resources | p. 279 |
| Introduction | |
| Types of Minerals | |
| Mineral Exploration | |
| Extraction from the Ground | |
| Mineral Processing | |
| Consumption Patterns and Environmental Impacts | |
| Waste Production and Disposal-Eastern United States and Canada | |
| Waste Production and Disposal-Western United States and Canada | |
| Industrial Ecology | |
| Legislative Measures | |
| Land Use-Urbanization and Transportation | p. 293 |
| Forces Driving Urbanization | |
| Trends of Urbanization | |
| Growing Global Urban Population | |
| Land Use | |
| Urban Transportation and Impacts | |
| Urban-Industrial Wastes and Biogeochemical Cycles | |
| Urban Climate and Air Pollutants | |
| Urban Vegetation | |
| An Afterword | |
| Water Resources-Quantity and Quality | p. 315 |
| The Essential Nature of Water | |
| Use and Depletion of Surface and Ground Water | |
| Impounding Water | |
| Competition for Water | |
| Water Quality-Freshwater and Marine Ecosystems | |
| Oil Spills in Marine Systems | |
| Decline of Fisheries | |
| Legislation on Water Issues | |
| Fuel Energy | p. 339 |
| Energy as Fuel | |
| Energy from Biomass | |
| Energy from Nonrenewable Resources | |
| Fossil Fuel Energy-Retrospect and Prospect | |
| Energy from Renewable Resources | |
| Current Global and National Energy Profile | |
| Energy Policy | |
| Air Quality and Stratospheric Ozone | p. 361 |
| Introduction | |
| Sources of Air Pollutants | |
| Types of Air Pollutants | |
| Air Pollutant Transformations | |
| Modes of Air Pollutant Action | |
| Criteria Air Pollutants | |
| Nature of Atmospheric Deposition | |
| Factors Affecting Atmospheric Deposition | |
| Acidification of Water and Soils | |
| Acidification of Lakes and Streams | |
| Acidification of Forests | |
| Acidification Impacts on Agriculture | |
| Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health | |
| Atmospheric Deposition Impacts on Monuments | |
| The Ozone "Hole" and the Montreal Protocol | |
| The Greenhouse Effect and Climate Change | p. 387 |
| Introduction | |
| Greenhouse Gases and the Greenhouse Effect | |
| Geological History and Temperature | |
| Carbon Dioxide and Temperature | |
| Evidence of Carbon Dioxide Increase | |
| Sources and Sinks of Carbon | |
| Other Greenhouse Gases | |
| Evidence of Global Warming | |
| General Circulation Models | |
| Climate-Weather Uncertainties | |
| Response of Biota to Climate Change | |
| Climate Change and Human Health | |
| Recent National and International Responses | |
| Biological Diversity Loss and the March of Invasive Species | p. 415 |
| Biological Diversity | |
| Values of Safeguarding Biological Diversity | |
| Biological Invasions | |
| Major Factors That Facilitate Invasions | |
| Temporal Attributes of Invasive Species | |
| Effects of Invasions on Ecosystem Structure and Function | |
| How Do Species Invade So Successfully? | |
| Invasions as Agents of Environmental Change | |
| Economic Losses from Invasions | |
| Getting Rid of Invasive Species | |
| Policies to Lessen Biodiversity Loss | |
| Seeking Solutions | |
| Environmental Policy and Law | p. 433 |
| Introduction | |
| Policy-Making and Science | |
| Process of Making Policy | |
| Environmental Policy | |
| Environmental Policy and Ecology | |
| Environmental and Energy: An Example | |
| Public versus Private Rights | |
| Environmental Policy and Law: The United States as an Example | |
| Legislative Goals versus Implementation Actions | |
| International Issues, Laws, and Treaties | |
| Environmental Policy Instruments | |
| Environmental Justice | |
| The Precautionary Principle | |
| Miles Gained, Miles Remain | |
| Economic Systems, Growth, and Development | p. 451 |
| Economics and Its Beginning | |
| Economic Practice and Its Major Principles | |
| Resources | |
| The Externalities | |
| Global Poverty and Economic Sector Subsidies | |
| Environmental and Resource Economics | |
| Economics and Ecology | |
| Steady-State Economics | |
| Ecological Economics | |
| Growth and Development | |
| Market Economics: GDP and GNP | |
| Genuine Progress Indicator | |
| Human Development Index | |
| The Concept of the Ecological Footprint | |
| An Afterword | |
| Environmental Management | p. 475 |
| Principles of Adaptive Ecosystem Management | |
| Environmental Information Systems | |
| Ecosystem Analyses | |
| Ecosystem Classification Systems | |
| Ecosystem Integrity and Stability | |
| Assessment of Environmental Health and Risks | |
| Management of Damaged versus Intact Ecosystems | |
| Design and Management of Natural Protection Areas | |
| Sustainable Watershed Management | |
| Best Land Management Practices | |
| Restoration of Disturbed Ecosystems | p. 493 |
| Restoring Degraded Systems | |
| Restoration, Rehabilitation, or... | |
| Initiating the Process of Restoration | |
| The Restoration Protocol | |
| Grassland Restoration on Mined Lands | |
| Forest Restoration on Mined Lands | |
| Restoration of Wetlands | |
| Wetland Conservation Efforts | |
| Brownfields, Bioremediation, and Phytoremediation | |
| Evaluating Success | |
| Global Imperative of Restoration Economy | |
| Conservation of Biological Diversity and Natural Resources | p. 511 |
| Principles for Conservation | |
| Biological Diversity and Ecosystem Services | |
| Extinction Is a Natural Process | |
| The Control of Invasive Species | |
| Conservation Biology | |
| Strategies for Conservation | |
| Conservation of Natural Resources | |
| Case Study: Recycling and Natural Resources | |
| Sustainable Development | p. 531 |
| Approaches to Achieving Sustainability | |
| The Concept of Sustainable Development | |
| Ecological Controls on Sustainable Development | |
| Revolutionary Thinking in Economics Is Needed | |
| Cases in Point: Food Production and Renewable Energy | |
| The Eco-City Concept: Green Cities | |
| Ecotourism | |
| Sustainability Inter Alia | |
| Environmental Awareness Is Here to Stay | |
| The Road Ahead | |
| References | p. 547 |
| Useful Web Resources | p. 573 |
| Glossary | p. 577 |
| Index | p. 601 |
| Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved. |
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