Environmental and Health Impact of Solid

Solid waste management issues are a highly emotive topic. Disposal costs need to be balanced against environmental impact, which often results in heated public debate. Disposal options such as incineration and landfill, whilst unpopular with both the public and environmental pressure groups, do not pose the same environmental and health risks as, for example, recycling plants. This book, written by international experts, discusses the various waste disposal options that are available (landfill, incineration, composting, recycling) and then reviews their impact on the environment, and particularly on human health. Comprehensive and highly topical, Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management Activities will make a strong contribution to scientific knowledge in the area, and will be of value to scientists and policy-makers in particular.

Overview of Waste Management Options: Their Efficacy and Acceptability

1

(52)

Kit Strange

Introduction

1

(1)

Key Issues

1

(1)

What Is Waste?

2

(5)

How Is Waste Managed?

7

(26)

Recycling

33

(1)

What Is Integrated Waste Management?

34

(5)

Trends in Waste Management

39

(4)

Public Attitudes

43

(7)

Conclusions

50

(3)

Health Risks of Materials Recycling Facilities

53

(20)

Toni Gladding

Introduction

53

(5)

Previous Research Concerning Waste Handsorting

58

(9)

A Further Study on MRFs

67

(4)

Conclusions

71

(1)

Acknowledgements

72

(1)

Microbial Emissions from Composting Sites

73

(30)

Jillian R. M. Swan

Brian Crook

E. Jane Gilbert

Introduction

73

(5)

Bioaerosol Components

78

(6)

Potential Ill Health Effects among Compost Workers

84

(2)

Compost Site Case Studies

86

(10)

Ill Health Case Studies

96

(7)

Health Effects and Landfill Sites

103

(38)

Andy Redfearn

Dave Roberts

Introduction

103

(1)

Overview of Epidemiological Studies

104

(12)

Adverse Birth Outcomes

116

(13)

Theoretical Basis of Purported Effects

129

(10)

Summary

139

(2)

Emissions from Solid Waste Management Activities

141

(30)

Paul T. Williams

Introduction

141

(1)

Waste Landfill

141

(12)

Incineration

153

(12)

Other Waste Treatment Processes

165

(6)

Health Impacts of Waste Incineration

171

(24)

Ari Rabl

Jo V. Spadaro

Introduction

171

(3)

Emissions

174

(5)

Dispersion and Peak Concentration

179

(3)

Health Impacts and Costs

182

(3)

Monetary Valuation

185

(1)

Calculation of Damage

186

(3)

Damage Costs per Kilogram of Pollutant

189

(1)

Damage Costs per Kilogram of Waste

189

(3)

Conclusions

192

(1)

Acknowledgements

193

(2)

Methodological Issues Related to Epidemiological Assessment of Health Risks of Waste Management

195

(16)

Helen Dolk

Introduction

195

(1)

The Design of an Epidemiological Study

196

(1)

Disease/Health Measurement

197

(2)

Exposure Measurement

199

(5)

Confounding

204

(3)

Statistical Considerations

207

(2)

Criteria for Causation

209

(1)

Use of Epidemiological Studies in Risk Management

210

(1)

Subject Index

211

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Environmental and Health Impact of Solid Waste Management Activities

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials