Environmental Hydraulics For Open Channel Flows

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ISBN: 9780750661652 | 0750661658
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 2/13/2004

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Environmental Hydraulics is a new text for students and professionals studying advanced topics in river and estuarine systems. The book contains the full range of subjects on open channel flows, including mixing and dispersion, Saint-Venant equations method of characteristics and interactions between flowing water and its surrondings (air entrainment, sediment transport). Following the approach of Hubert Chanson's highly successful undergraduate textbook Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow, the reader is guided step-by-step from the basic principles to more advanced practical applications. Each section of the book contains many revision exercises, problems and assignments to help the reader test their learning in practical situations.

Preface

Acknowledgements

xvi

About the author

xviii

Dedication

xxi

Glossary

xxii

List of symbols

xlv

Part 1 Introduction to Open Channel Flows

(34)

1. Introduction

(8)

1.1 Presentation

(2)

1.2 Fluid properties

(1)

1.3 Fluid statics

(1)

1.4 Open channel flows

(3)

1.5 Exercises

(1)

2. Fundamentals of open channel flows

(24)

2.1 Presentation

(4)

2.2 Fundamental principles

(4)

2.3 Open channel hydraulics of short, frictionless transitions

(5)

2.4 The hydraulic jump

(2)

2.5 Open channel flow in long channels

(7)

2.6 Summary

(1)

2.6 Exercises

(1)

Part 2 Turbulent Mixing and Dispersion in Rivers and Estuaries: An Introduction

(142)

3. Introduction to mixing and dispersion in natural waterways

(12)

3.1 Introduction

(3)

3.2 Laminar and turbulent flows

(4)

3.3 Basic definitions

(1)

3.4 Structure of the section

(1)

3.5 Appendix A - Application: buoyancy force exerted on a submerged air bubble

(2)

3.6 Appendix B - Freshwater properties

(1)

3.7 Exercises

(1)

3.8 Exercise solutions

(1)

4. Turbulent shear flows

(16)

4.1 Presentation

(5)

4.2 Jets and wakes

4.3 Boundary layer flows

(4)

4.4 Fully developed open channel flows

(2)

4.5 Mixing in turbulent shear flows

(3)

4.6 Exercises

(1)

4.7 Exercise solutions

(1)

5. Diffusion: basic theory

(10)

5.1 Basic equations

(2)

5.2 Applications

(5)

5.3 Appendix A - Mathematical aids

(2)

5.4 Exercises

(1)

5.5 Exercise solutions

(1)

6. Advective diffusion

(6)

6.1 Basic equations

(1)

6.2 Basic applications

(3)

6.3 Two- and three-dimensional applications

(1)

6.4 Exercises

(1)

6.5 Exercise solutions

(1)

7. Turbulent dispersion and mixing: 1. Vertical and transverse mixing

(18)

7.1 Introduction

(2)

7.2 Flow resistance in open channel flows

(1)

7.3 Vertical and transverse (lateral) mixing in turbulent river flows

(4)

7.4 Turbulent mixing applications

(3)

7.5 Discussion

(2)

7.6 Appendix A - Friction factor calculations

(1)

7.7 Appendix B - Random walk model

(2)

7.8 Appendix C - Turbulent mixing in hydraulic jumps and bores

(2)

7.9 Exercises

(1)

7.10 Exercise solutions

(2)

8. Turbulent dispersion and mixing: 2. Longitudinal dispersion

(18)

8.1 Introduction

(1)

8.2 One-dimensional turbulent dispersion

100

(1)

8.3 Longitudinal dispersion in natural streams

101

(5)

8.4 Approximate models for longitudinal dispersion

106

(3)

8.5 Design applications

109

(2)

8.6 Exercises

111

(2)

8.7 Exercise solutions

113

(4)

9. Turbulent dispersion in natural systems

117

(27)

9.1 Introduction

117

(3)

9.2 Longitudinal dispersion in natural rivers with dead zones

120

(7)

9.3 Dispersion and transport of reactive contaminants

127

(3)

9.4 Transport with reaction

130

(6)

9.5 Appendix A - Air-water mass transfer in air-water flows

136

(2)

9.6 Appendix B - Solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water

138

(1)

9.7 Appendix C Molecular diffusion coefficients in water (after Chanson 1997a)

139

(1)

9.8 Exercises

140

(1)

9.9 Exercise solutions

141

(3)

10. Mixing in estuaries

144

(33)

10.1 Presentation

144

(5)

10.2 Basic mechanisms

149

(10)

10.3 Applications

159

(5)

10.4 Turbulent mixing and dispersion coefficients in estuaries

164

(1)

10.5 Applications

165

(6)

10.6 Appendix A Observations of mixing and dispersion coefficients in estuarine zones

171

(2)

10.7 Exercises

173

(2)

10.8 Exercise solutions

175

(2)

Part 2 Revision exercises

177

(6)

Assignment solutions

179

(4)

Part 3 Introduction to Unsteady Open Channel Flows

183

(133)

11. Unsteady open channel flows: 1. Basic equations

185

(38)

11.1 Introduction

185

(4)

11.2 Basic equations

189

(9)

11.3 Method of characteristics

198

(13)

11.4 Discussion

211

(6)

11.5 Exercises

217

(2)

11.6 Exercise solutions

219

(4)

12. Unsteady open channel flows: 2. Applications

223

(40)

12.1 Introduction

223

(1)

12.2 Propagation of waves

224

(3)

12.3 The simple wave problem

227

(6)

12.4 Positive and negative surges

233

(14)

12.5 The kinematic wave problem

247

(2)

12.6 The diffusion wave problem

249

(6)

12.7 Appendix A - Gaussian error functions

255

(1)

12.8 Exercises

256

(2)

12.9 Exercise solutions

258

(5)

13. Unsteady open channel flows: 3. Application to dam break wave

263

(39)

13.1 Introduction

263

(5)

13.2 Dam break wave in a horizontal channel

268

(10)

13.3 Effects of flow resistance

278

(8)

13.4 Embankment dam failures

286

(7)

13.5 Related flow situations

293

(6)

13.6 Exercises

299

(1)

13.7 Exercise solutions

300

(2)

14. Numerical modelling of unsteady open channel flows

302

(14)

14.1 Introduction

302

(4)

14.2 Explicit finite difference methods

306

(6)

14.3 Implicit finite difference methods

312

(3)

14.4 Exercises

315

(1)

Part 3 Revision exercises

316

(7)

Revision exercise no. 1

316

(1)

Revision exercise no. 2

316

(3)

Revision exercise no. 3

319

(1)

Revision exercise no. 4

320

(3)

Part 4 Interactions between Flowing Water and its Surroundings

323

(76)

15. Interactions between flowing water and its surroundings: introduction

325

(6)

15.1 Presentation

325

(5)

15.2 Terminology

330

(1)

15.3 Structure of this section

330

(1)

16. Interaction between flowing water and solid boundaries: sediment processes

331

(17)

16.1 Introduction

331

(2)

16.2 Physical properties of sediments

333

(2)

16.3 Threshold of sediment bed motion

335

(4)

16.4 Sediment transport

339

(2)

16.5 Total sediment transport rate

341

(6)

16.6 Exercises

347

(1)

17. Interaction between flowing water and free surfaces: self-aeration and air entrainment

348

(58)

17.1 Introduction

348

(1)

17.2 Free-surface aeration in turbulent flows: basic mechanisms

348

(10)

17.3 Dimensional analysis and similitude

358

(6)

17.4 Basic metrology in air-water flow studies

364

(9)

17.5 Applications

373

(11)

17.6 Appendix A - Air bubble diffusion in plunging jet flows (after Chanson 1997a)

384

(5)

17.7 Appendix B -Air bubble diffusion in self-aerated supercritical flows

389

(4)

17.8 Appendix C -Air bubble diffusion in high-velocity water jets

393

(3)

17.9 Exercises

396

(3)

Appendix A: Constants and fluid properties

399

(4)

Appendix B: Unit conversions

403

(3)

References

406

(17)

Abbreviations of journals and institutions

420

(1)

Common bibliographical abbreviations

421

(2)

Index

423

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Environmental Hydraulics For Open Channel Flows

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