Environmental and Quality Systems Integration

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ISBN: 9781566702881 | 1566702887
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 4/20/1998

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Global competition, corporate downsizing and corporate restructuring have forced many firms to reevaluate their operating methods. Today, corporations must do more with less while still watching the bottom line and improving profitability. ISO 14000 and ISO 9000, because of their similar management system requirements and auditing procedures, are good candidates for integration. This is the driving force behind Environmental and Quality Systems Integration.This comprehensive guide provides step-by-step instruction for companies wishing to cut costs and integrate their Environmental Health and Safety System (ISO 14000) into an existing Quality Management System (ISO9000). Environmental and Quality Systems Integration serves to ease this transition and offers companies a way to meet quality assurance standards.

Part I Background on QMS and EMS Programs

(44)

1 The "Quality Movement"

(10)

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 The United States

(3)

1.2.1 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

(2)

1.2.2 American Society of Quality Control (ASQC)

(1)

1.2.3 Total Quality Management (TQM)

(1)

1.2.4 Quality Systems Requirements (QS-9000)

(1)

1.2.5 Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award

(1)

1.3 The European Union

(2)

1.3.1 European Commission (EC)

(1)

1.3.2 British Standards Institute (BSI)

(1)

1.4 Canada

(1)

1.5 Japan

(1)

1.6 International Standardization Organization

(1)

1.7 The Deming Prize

(2)

1.7.1 Deming's 14 Points for Management

(1)

1.8 Conclusion

(1)

2 The "Environmental Movement"

(14)

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.2 The United States

(4)

2.2.1 American Petroleum Institute (API)

(1)

2.2.1.1 American Petroleum Institute Environmental, Health and Safety Mission and Guiding Principles

(1)

2.2.2 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

(1)

2.2.3 Responsible Care(R) Program

(1)

2.2.3.1 Guiding Principles of Responsible Care(R)

(1)

2.3 The European Union

(3)

2.3.1 Eco-Management Audit Scheme (EMAS)

(1)

2.3.2 British Standard 7750

(1)

2.4 North And South America

(2)

2.4.1 Mexico

(1)

2.4.2 Brazil

(1)

2.4.3 The Rest of Latin America

(1)

2.4.4 Canada

(1)

2.5 Asian/Pacific Rim

(2)

2.5.1 Japan

(1)

2.5.2 Australia

(1)

2.5.3 Hong Kong

(1)

2.5.4 Taiwan

(1)

2.6 Total Quality Environmental Management

(1)

2.7 Conclusion

(2)

3 Background on ISO 14000

(12)

3.1 Introduction

(1)

3.2 Sustainable Development

(4)

3.2.1 ICC Business Charter for Sustainable Development

(1)

3.2.2 Earth Summit 1992

(1)

3.3 Montreal Protocol

(1)

3.4 Concerns Over ISO 14000 Standards

(4)

3.4.1 Trade Barriers

(1)

3.4.1.1 General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

(1)

3.4.1.2 The World Trade Organization

(1)

3.4.2 De facto Regulations and Legal Concerns

(1)

3.4.3 Cost of Implementation

(1)

3.4.4 Applicability

(1)

3.4.5 Prior Standards

(1)

3.5 Similarities and Differences of the ISO Standards

(2)

3.5.1 Similarities

(1)

3.5.2 Differences

(1)

3.6 Conclusion

(1)

4 Benefits of ISO System Integration

(8)

4.1 Introduction

(1)

4.2 Cost Effectiveness and Profitability

(2)

4.3 Document Control

(1)

4.4 Insurance

(1)

4.5 Auditing

(1)

4.6 Overall Business Decision-Making

(1)

4.7 Introduction

(4)

Part II Integrating the Policy

(10)

5 The Policy

(10)

5.1 Introduction

(1)

5.2 ISO 9001 Requirements

(1)

5.3 ISO 14001 Requirements

(1)

5.4 Policy Differences

(3)

5.4.1 Continual Improvement

(1)

5.4.2 Prevention of Pollution

(1)

5.4.3 Commitment to Legal Compliance and Other Requirements

(1)

5.5 Other Standards And Principles

(1)

5.6 Developing An Integrated Policy

(1)

5.7 What Auditors Will Look For

(1)

5.8 Conclusion

(3)

Part III Planning

(26)

6 Environmental Aspects

(8)

6.1 Introduction

(1)

6.2 What is an "Environmental Aspect"?

(1)

6.3 ISO 9001 Requirements

(5)

6.3.1 Design Input, Output, and Changes

(2)

6.3.2 Purchasing and Customer-Supplied Product

(1)

6.3.3 Control of Nonconforming Product

(1)

6.3.4 Handling, Storage, Packaging, Preservation, and Delivery

(1)

6.4 What Auditors Will Look For

(2)

7 Legal and Other Requirements

(8)

7.1 Introduction

(1)

7.2 What are "Legal and Other Requirements"?

(1)

7.3 ISO 9001 Requirements

(1)

7.4 An Environmental Design Review

(3)

7.4.1 National Requirements

(2)

7.4.2 International Requirements

(1)

7.5 What Auditors Will Look For

(3)

8 Objectives, Targets, and Environmental Management Programs

(10)

8.1 Introduction

(1)

8.2 ISO 14001 Requirements

(1)

8.3 ISO 9001 Requirements

(1)

8.4 Scenario

(1)

8.5 What Auditors Will Look For

(4)

8.6 Conclusion

(4)

Part IV Implementation and Operation

(70)

9 Structure and Responsibility

(12)

9.1 Introduction

(1)

9.2 Structure and Responsibility

(10)

9.2.1 The Relationship between ISO 9001 and ISO 14001

(1)

9.2.2 Defining the Structure

(1)

9.2.3 Responsibility and Authority

(2)

9.2.4 Resources

(1)

9.2.5 Management Representative

(1)

9.2.6 Combined Job Descriptions

(5)

9.2.7 Nonmanagement Personnel

(1)

9.3 What Auditors Will Look For

(1)

10 Training, Awareness, and Competence

(8)

10.1 Introduction

(1)

10.2 A Comparison of the Standards

(1)

10.3 Training

(2)

10.4 Awareness

(1)

10.5 Competence

(3)

10.6 What Auditors Will Look For

102

(1)

11 Communication

103

(14)

11.1 Introduction

103

(1)

11.2 Comparison of the Standards

103

(1)

11.3 Internal Communications

103

(4)

11.3.1 Purpose of Internal Communication

104

(1)

11.3.2 Scope of Internal Communication

105

(1)

11.3.3 Contents of Internal Communication

105

(1)

11.3.4 Types of Internal Communication

105

(1)

11.4 External Communications

107

(6)

11.4.1 Inquiries and Questionnaires

108

(3)

11.4.2 Customer and Other External Complaints

111

(2)

11.5 What Auditors Will Look For

113

(4)

12 EMS Documentation

117

(6)

12.1 Introduction

117

(1)

12.2 The Scope of QMS and EMS Documentation

117

(3)

12.3 The Operational Manual

120

(1)

12.3.1 The Document Directory

121

(1)

12.4 What Auditors Will Look For

121

(2)

13 Document Control

123

(8)

13.1 Introduction

123

(1)

13.2 Quality Control of Environmental Documents

123

(1)

13.3 Document Control Procedure

123

(4)

13.4 Other EMS Documents

127

(2)

13.4.1 Environmental Department Controlled Documents

128

(1)

13.5 What Auditors Will Look For

129

(2)

14 Operational Control

131

(14)

14.1 Introduction

131

(1)

14.2 ISO 14001 Requirements

131

(1)

14.3 Comparison with ISO 9001

131

(1)

14.4 Maintenance Activities

132

(2)

14.5 Documented Procedures and Operating Criteria

134

(2)

14.6 Goods and Services

136

(5)

14.6.1 Environmental Reviews

137

(1)

14.6.2 Product Specifications

138

(2)

14.6.3 Incoming Inspection

140

(1)

14.7 Contract Suppliers

141

(2)

14.8 Onsite Contractors

143

(1)

14.9 What Auditors Will Look For

144

(1)

15 Emergency Preparedness and Response

145

(8)

15.1 Introduction

145

(1)

15.2 The ISO 14001 Requirement

145

(1)

15.3 The EPRP Document

146

(7)

15.3.1 Preparedness Activities

146

(1)

15.3.2 Response Activities

147

(6)

Part V Checking and Corrective Action

153

(76)

16 Monitoring and Measurement

153

(20)

16.1 Introduction

153

(1)

16.2 Monitoring and Measurement

153

(1)

16.3 Relationship to ISO 9001

154

(1)

16.4 A Monitoring and Measurement Procedure

154

(8)

16.5 Recording of Information

162

(10)

16.5.1 Air Emissions

162

(2)

16.5.2 Hazardous Waste Minimization

164

(2)

16.5.3 Solid Waste and Recycling

166

(2)

16.5.4 Utilities and Natural Resources

168

(4)

16.6 Calibration

172

(1)

16.7 What Auditors Will Look For

172

(1)

17 Nonconformance and Corrective and Preventive Action

173

(14)

17.1 Introduction

173

(1)

17.2 Comparison of the Standards

173

(1)

17.3 Defining a Nonconformance

174

(1)

17.4 Corrective Action

175

(9)

17.4.1 Corrective Action Procedure

176

(5)

17.4.2 Risk Assessment

181

(3)

17.5 Preventive Action

184

(2)

17.6 What Auditors Will Look For

186

(1)

18 Records

187

(8)

18.1 Introduction

187

(1)

18.2 Comparison of the Standards

187

(3)

18.3 What is a Record?

190

(1)

18.3.1 Types of Records

190

(1)

18.4 Retention Requirements

191

(1)

18.5 Identification, Collection, Indexing, Access, Filing, Storage, Maintenance, and Disposition

191

(2)

18.6 What Auditors Will Look For

193

(2)

19 Environmental Management System Audit

195

(34)

19.1 Introduction

195

(1)

19.2 Comparison of the Standards

195

(3)

19.3 A Preassessment Evaluation

198

(1)

19.4 Internal Audits

198

(22)

19.4.1 Area-Specific Internal Audits

198

(22)

19.5 Internal Audit Procedure

220

(5)

19.5.1 Schedule

222

(3)

19.6 What Auditors Will Look For

225

(4)

Part VI Management Review

229

(12)

20 Management Review

229

(12)

20.1 Introduction

229

(1)

20.2 Comparison of the Standards

229

(2)

20.3 What Should Be Reviewed?

231

(1)

20.4 Management Review Process Procedure

232

(2)

20.5 Environmental Management Committee

234

(4)

20.6 What Auditors Will Look For

238

(3)

Part VII Conclusion

241

(2)

21 The Future

241

(2)

21.1 ISO Health and Safety Standards

241

(1)

21.2 Rio + 5

241

(1)

21.3 Final Comments

242

(1)

References

243

(2)

Appendix A List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

245

(2)

Appendix B Comparison of ISO 9001 and ISO 14001

247

(6)

Appendix C Related Sections of ISO 14001, ISO 9001, BS 7750, and EMAS

253

(4)

Appendix D International Chamber of Commerce's Business Charter for Sustainable Development

257

(2)

Appendix E The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

259

(4)

Appendix F ISO 14001 Self-Assessment Checklist

263

(18)

Appendix G Keidanren Global Environment Charter

281

(4)

Appendix H EHS Questionnaire for Existing and Proposed Critical Materials and/or Components Suppliers

285

(8)

Appendix I The ISO 14001 Framework

293

(4)

Bibliography

297

(2)

Index

299

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Environmental and Quality Systems Integration

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