Mary Welek Atwell is Professor of Criminal Justice at Radford University in Virginia.
Acknowledgments
vii
Introduction
1
(2)
Definitions, Examples, and Analytical Tools
3
(10)
Sex/Gender
3
(1)
Patriarchy
3
(2)
Feminism
5
(1)
Analytical Tools
5
(3)
Two Court Cases as Examples
8
(5)
Citizenship, Constitutional Rights, and Equality: Elusive Goals
13
(22)
Early American Institutions
14
(2)
Women Challenge the Law of Domestic Relations
16
(3)
Constitutional Challenges
19
(16)
Participating in the Criminal Justice System
35
(20)
Law Enforcement and Corrections
36
(9)
The Practice of Law
45
(6)
Jury Service
51
(4)
Women and Girls as Victims
55
(34)
Living in a Climate of Violence
55
(4)
Rape
59
(6)
Woman Battering/Domestic Violence
65
(10)
Criminal Justice Responses
75
(7)
Stalking
82
(2)
Sexual Harassment
84
(4)
The VAWA Perspective
88
(1)
Victims and Offenders: Gender as the Link
89
(16)
Victims and Offenders: Delinquent Girls
96
(2)
Victims Who Become Offenders: Battered Women Who Kill
98
(2)
Prostitution: The Vicious Cycle
100
(5)
Punishing Women: The Experience of Female Offenders
105
(24)
The Numbers
105
(1)
Behind the Numbers
106
(2)
Casualties in the War on Drugs
108
(2)
Establishing Prisons for Women
110
(3)
Prison Life
113
(11)
Women on Death Row
124
(5)
Regulating Reproduction
129
(16)
Historical Background
131
(3)
Controlling the Unfit
134
(1)
Privacy and Reproductive Rights
135
(4)
Criminalizing Pregnant Women
139
(6)
Concluding Thoughts
145
(6)
Notes
151
(52)
APPENDICES
Appendix One: The Seneca Falls Declaration
171
(4)
Appendix Two: Bradwell v. Illinois
175
(2)
Appendix Three: Muller v. Oregon
177
(2)
Appendix Four: Thompson v. Thompson
179
(2)
Appendix Five: Adkins v. Children's Hospital of the District of Columbia
181
(2)
Appendix Six: Hoyt v. Florida
183
(2)
Appendix Seven: Frontiero v. Richardson
185
(2)
Appendix Eight: United States v. Virginia
187
(2)
Appendix Nine: Dothard v. Rawlinson
189
(4)
Appendix Ten: Buck v. Bell
193
(2)
Appendix Eleven: Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey
195
(4)
Appendix Twelve: Film and Fiction
199
(4)
Bibliography
203
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