Ergonomic Solutions for the Process Industries

, by Attwood; Deeb, Ph.D., CPE, M.Erg.S.; Danz-Reece

Note: Supplemental materials are not guaranteed with Rental or Used book purchases.

ISBN: 9780750677042 | 075067704X
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 12/19/2003

eBook

Available Instantly

Online: 180 Days

Downloadable: 180 Days

$46.42

Work-related injuries, such as back injuries and carpal tunnel syndrome, are the most prevalent, most EXPENSIVE, and most preventable workplace injuries, accounting for more than 647,000 lost days of work annually (according to OSHA estimates). Such injuries, and many others, can be prevented in your facility by establishing an ergonomic design. This book shows you how to apply simple Ergonomic tools and procedures in your plant. Challenging worldwide regulations are forcing some companies to spend thousands of dollars per affected employee in order to comply. This book shows you how to comply with these regulations at a fraction of the cost, in the most timely, efficient method possible.

Preface

xiii

Acknowledgments

Disclaimer

xvii

1. Introduction

(28)

1.1 Introduction

(4)

1.2 Chapter Review

(5)

1.2.1 Chapter 2. Personal Factors

(1)

1.2.2 Chapter 3. Physical Factors

(1)

1.2.3 Chapter 4. Environmental Factors

(1)

1.2.4 Chapter 5. Equipment Design

(1)

1.2.5 Chapter 6. Workplace Design

(1)

1.2.6 Chapter 7. Job Factors

(1)

1.2.7 Chapter 8. Information Processing

(2)

1.2.8 Chapter 9. The Use of Human Factors in Project Planning, Design, and Execution

(1)

1.3 Proposed Model for the Systematic Implementation of Ergonomics/Human Factors

(19)

The "DOT" Process for Prioritizing Issues

(8)

2. Personal Factors

(36)

2.1 Introduction

(1)

2.2 Sensory and Cognitive Capabilities

(18)

2.2.1 Visual Sense

(7)

2.2.2 Auditory Sense

(1)

2.2.3 Cognitive Capabilities

(8)

2.2.4 Summary of Information Processing

(1)

2.3 Physical Capabilities

(9)

2.3.1 Muscular Strength and Endurance

(3)

2.3.2 Anthropometry: Body Size

(5)

2.4 Case Study

(8)

2.4.1 Method

(1)

2.4.2 Data Collected

(1)

2.4.3 Conclusion

(5)

3. Physical Factors

(46)

3.1 Musculoskeletal Disorders

(2)

3.2 Manual Handling Tasks

(13)

3.2.1 Manual Handling Risk Factors

(4)

3.2.2 Methods for Evaluating Manual Handling Tasks

(9)

3.3 Hand-Intensive Repetitive Tasks

(4)

3.3.1 Risk Factors

(2)

3.3.2 Survey and Observation Tools

(1)

3.3.3 Hand Tools

(2)

3.4 Behavior

(3)

3.5 Ergonomics Program

(7)

3.5.1 Planning an Ergonomics Program

(2)

3.5.2 Risk Assessment Process

(2)

3.5.3 Solutions

(1)

3.5.4 Evaluating the Ergonomics Program

(1)

3.6 Case Study

(2)

Appendix 3-1. Material Handling Screening Checklist: Risk Identification and Priorities

(6)

Appendix 3-2. Musculoskeletal Ergonomics Program Gap Analysis

103

(8)

4. Environmental Factors

111

(46)

4.1 Introduction

112

(1)

4.2 Illumination

112

(9)

4.2.1 Lighting Quantity

114

(1)

4.2.2 Task Factors

115

(1)

4.2.3 Age Factors

116

(1)

4.2.4 Lighting Quality

117

(4)

4.3 Temperature

121

(12)

4.3.1 Effects of Heat on Performance

122

(2)

4.3.2 Effects of Cold on Performance

124

(1)

4.3.3 Effects of Heat on Health

125

(3)

4.3.4 Comfort and Discomfort Zones

128

(1)

4.3.5 Work Tolerance in Hot Environment

129

(2)

4.3.6 Recommendations to Improve Working Conditions

131

(2)

4.4 Noise

133

(9)

4.4.1 Effects of Noise on Performance

134

(3)

4.4.2 Effects of Noise on Health

137

(2)

4.4.3 Guidelines to Control Noise

139

(3)

4.5 Vibration

142

(5)

4.5.1 Effects of Vibration on Performance

143

(2)

4.5.2 Effects of Vibration on Health

145

(1)

4.5.3 Guidelines to Reduce or Control Vibration

146

(1)

4.6 Case Study

147

(10)

4.6.1 Method

148

(1)

4.6.2 Results

148

(1)

4.6.3 Recommendations

148

(2)

4.6.4 Installation of a Pilot Lighting System

150

(1)

4.6.5 Final Results

151

(6)

5. Equipment Design

157

(56)

5.1 Human/System Interface

157

(1)

5.2 Controls

158

(11)

5.2.1 Physical Requirements of Operating Controls

160

(1)

5.2.2 Types of Controls

161

(2)

5.2.3 Control Labels and Identification

163

(1)

5.2.4 Stereotypes

164

(1)

5.2.5 Access to Operate

165

(1)

5.2.6 Preventing Accidental Operation

165

(1)

5.2.7 Valves

166

(3)

5.3 Visual Displays

169

(5)

5.3.1 Types of Displays

170

(2)

5.3.2 Mounting Displays

172

(2)

5.4 Relationship between Controls and Visual Displays

174

(1)

5.5 Auditory Displays

175

(2)

5.6 Field Control Panels

177

(8)

5.6.1 Field Panel Layout

177

(4)

5.6.2 Field Panel Labels

181

(3)

5.6.3 Improving Field Control Panels

184

(1)

5.7 Process Control Displays

185

(19)

5.7.1 Process Control Interface Display

187

(8)

5.7.2 Approach for Developing Process Control Displays

195

(9)

5.8 Case Study

204

(2)

Appendix 5-1. Checklist for Equipment Design

206

(7)

6. Workplace Design

213

(74)

6.1 Introduction

214

(1)

6.2 Workplace Design Principles

215

(41)

6.2.1 Introduction

215

(1)

6.2.2 Controls and Displays Must Be Optimally Located

215

(1)

6.2.3 Equipment Must Be Visually Accessible

215

(1)

6.2.4 The Workplace Must Be Designed for the User Population

215

(5)

8.2.5 Equipment Must Be Physically Accessible

220

(10)

6.2.6 Work Must Be Positioned as Best for the Operator

230

(7)

6.2.7 Workstations and Seating Must Be Designed According to Human Factors Standards

237

(16)

6.2.8 Maintenance and Maintainability

253

(3)

6.2.9 Summary of Design Principles

256

(1)

6.3 Analytical Techniques in Workplace Design

256

(6)

6.3.1 Activity Analysis

250

(10)

6.3.2 Task Analysis

260

(1)

6.3.3 Link Analysis

260

(2)

6.4 Human Factors Design Processes for Existing and New Workstations

262

(26)

6.4.1 Existing Workstations

262

(3)

6.4.2 New Workstations

265

(23)

6.5 Case Study

288

6.5.1 Familiarization

267

(1)

6.5.2 Problem Identification

267

(1)

6.5.3 Background

268

(1)

6.5.4 Data Collection and Analysis

269

(3)

6.5.5 Evaluation

272

(5)

6.5.6 Recommendations and Redesign

277

(10)

7. Job Factors

287

(52)

7.1 Introduction

288

(1)

7.2 Shift Work and Work Schedules

288

(20)

7.2.1 Sleep and Sleep Disorders

289

(6)

7.2.2 Effects of Shift Work on Performance

295

(1)

7.2.3 Effects of Shift Work on Health

296

(1)

7.2.4 Effects of Shift Work on the Psychosocial Life

297

(2)

7.2.5 Shift Work Schedule Design

299

(3)

7.2.6 Coping Strategies with Shift Work

302

(5)

7.2.7 Process for Creating or Changing Shift Schedules

307

(1)

7.3 Stress

308

(2)

7.3.1 Sources and Causes of Stress

308

(2)

7.3.2 Coping Strategies

310

(1)

7.4 Job Analysis

310

(12)

7.4.1 Task Analysis

310

(5)

7.4.2 Critical-Task Identification and Analysis

315

(7)

7.5 Team-Based Approach

322

(3)

7.5.1 Cognitive Problem-Solving Style (KAI)

322

(1)

7.5.2 Drexler-Sibbet High-Performance Team Model

323

(1)

7.5.3 ACUMEN

324

(1)

7.5.4 Systematic Multilevel Observation of Groups (SYMLOG)

324

(1)

7.6 Behavior-Based Safety

325

(6)

7.6.1 Lessons Learned

325

(3)

7.6.2 Recommended Core and Ancillary Elements of BBS Programs

328

(3)

7.7 Case Study

331

(8)

7.7.1 Introduction

331

(1)

7.7.2 Task Analysis

331

(4)

7.7.3 Biomechanical Analysis

335

(4)

8. Information Processing

339

(54)

8.1 Human Error

340

(10)

8.1.1 Introduction

340

(1)

8.1.2 Why Humans Make Errors

341

(1)

8.1.3 Mental Errors

341

(5)

8.1.4 Display Errors

346

(1)

8.1.5 Environmental Causes

347

(1)

8.1.6 System Factors That Lead to Error

347

(3)

8.2 Plant Signs and Labels

350

(11)

8.2.1 Equipment Labeling Program

351

(1)

8.2.2 Designing Signs and Labels

352

(5)

8.2.3 Guidelines for Specific Types of Signs and Labels

357

(4)

8.3 Procedures

361

(6)

8.3.1 Guidelines for Determining When a Procedure Is Needed

362

(1)

8.3.2 Developing Procedures

363

(1)

8.3.3 Formatting Written Procedures

364

(1)

8.3.4 Determining Why a Procedure Was Not Used

365

(1)

8.3.5 Evaluating Written Procedures

366

(1)

8.4 Training

367

(5)

8.4.1 Developing Training

368

(1)

8.4.2 Task Analysis for Training Development

369

(1)

8.4.3 Content of a Training Package

370

(1)

8.4.4 Training for Trainers

371

(1)

8.4.5 When to Provide Training

371

(1)

8.4.6 Evaluating Training

372

(1)

8.5 Vigilance

372

(10)

8.5.1 Transportation Systems

374

(1)

8.5.2 Control Room Operations

374

(2)

8.5.3 Mining Operations

376

(1)

8.5.4 Driving Performance

377

(1)

8.5.6 Factors Contributing to Vigilance Decrement

377

(1)

8.5.7 Operator Workload Analysis

378

(4)

8.6 Case Study

382

(2)

8.6.1 Narrative: How to Change a Tire

382

(2)

Appendix 8-1. Procedures Evaluation Checklist

384

(9)

9. The Use of Human Factors in Project Planning, Design, and Execution

393

(60)

9.1 Introduction

394

(1)

9.2 Project Management

395

(3)

9.2.1 Management of Major Projects

395

(2)

9.2.2 Management of Base Projects

397

(1)

9.3 Human Factors Tools for Project Management

398

(32)

9.3.1 Human Factors Tracking Database

398

(1)

9.3.2 HF Review: Planning Phase

399

(1)

9.3.3 Safety, Health, and Environmental Review

400

(1)

9.3.4 Human Factors Training for the Project Team

401

(3)

9.3.5 Human Factors in the Hazard and Operability Reviews

404

(5)

9.3.6 Procedures

409

(1)

9.3.7 Analysis Techniques

410

(6)

9.3.8 Quality Assurance/Quality Control Review Process

416

(9)

9.3.9 Prestart-up Human Factors Review

425

(1)

9.3.10 HF Awareness for Construction Contractors and Company Personnel

426

(1)

9.3.11 Postproject Review

427

(3)

Appendix 9-1. HAZOP Human Factors Screening Lists

430

(4)

Appendix 9-2. Assistance Using HAZOP Screening Lists

434

(1)

Appendix 9-3. Quality Assurance/Quality Control Checklist

435

(3)

Appendix 9-4. Maintenance Review Checklist

438

(1)

Appendix 9-5. Walkthrough/Rounds Review Checklist

439

(2)

Appendix 9-6. Prestart-up Human Factors Review Checklist

441

(9)

Appendix 9-7. Summary of Recommendations to Construction Workers Installing Field-Run Equipment

450

(3)

Index

453

Please wait while the item is added to your bag...

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Ergonomic Solutions for the Process Industries

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

FREE SHIPPING

Rent More, Save More! Use code: BBRENTAL

5% off 1 book, 7% off 2 books, 10% off 3+ books

Ergonomic Solutions for the Process Industries

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Digital License