An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Volume 1 of a 2-volume set of Locke's monumental work containing every word of all 4 books comprising the Essay. Marginal analyses of almost every paragraph, plus hundreds of explanatory footnotes.

Introduction

ix

(16)

Further Reading

xxv

(1)

Bibliographical Abbreviations

xxvi

(1)

A Note on the Text

xxvii

Title-page of the Fifth Edition

1

(2)

AN ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING

3

(52)

The Epistle Dedicatory

3

(4)

The Epistle to the Reader

7

(10)

The Contents

17

(38)

BOOK I: OF INNATE NOTIONS

55

(54)

I Introduction

55

(4)

II No Innate Principles in the Mind

59

(15)

III No Innate Practical Principles

74

(17)

IV Other Considerations concerning Innate Principles, both Speculative and Practical

91

(18)

BOOK II: OF IDEAS

109

(252)

I Of Ideas in General, and their Original

109

(12)

II Of Simple Ideas

121

(2)

III Of Ideas of One Sense

123

(1)

IV Of Solidity

124

(4)

V Of Simple Ideas of Divers Senses

128

(1)

VI Of Simple Ideas of Reflection

128

(1)

VII Of Simple Ideas of both Sensation and Reflection

129

(4)

VIII Some further Considerations concerning our Simple Ideas

133

(9)

IX Of Perception

142

(5)

X Of Retention

147

(5)

XI Of Discerning, and other Operations of the Mind

152

(7)

XII Of Complex Ideas

159

(3)

XIII Of Simple Modes; and first, of the Simple Modes of Space

162

(12)

XIV Of Duration, and its Simple Modes

174

(13)

XV Of Duration and Expansion, considered together

187

(8)

XVI Of Number

195

(4)

XVII Of Infinity

199

(12)

XVIII Of other Simple Modes

211

(2)

XIX Of the Modes of Thinking

213

(3)

XX Of Modes of Pleasure and Pain

216

(4)

XXI Of Power

220

(42)

XXII Of Mixed Modes

262

(6)

XXIII Of our Complex Ideas of Substances

268

(19)

XXIV Of Collective Ideas of Substances

287

(1)

XXV Of Relation

288

(4)

XXVI Of Cause and Effect, and other Relations

292

(4)

XXVII Of Identity and Diversity

296

(18)

XXVIII Of other Relations

314

(12)

XXIX Of Clear and Obscure, Distinct and Confused Ideas

326

(8)

XXX Of Real and Fantastical Ideas

334

(2)

XXXI Of Adequate and Inadequate Ideas

336

(9)

XXXII Of True and False Ideas

345

(9)

XXXIII Of the Association of Ideas

354

(7)

BOOK III: OF WORDS

361

(106)

I Of Words or Language in General

361

(2)

II Of the Signification of Words

363

(4)

III Of General Terms

367

(10)

IV Of the Names of Simple Ideas

377

(7)

V Of the Names of Mixed Modes and Relations

384

(8)

VI Of the Names of Substances

392

(28)

VII Of Particles

420

(2)

VIII Of Abstract and Concrete Terms

422

(2)

IX Of the Imperfection of Words

424

(13)

X Of the Abuse of Words

437

(16)

XI Of the Remedies of the Foregoing Imperfections and Abuses

453

(14)

BOOK IV: OF KNOWLEDGE AND OPINION

467

(169)

I Of Knowledge in General

467

(4)

II Of the Degrees of our Knowledge

471

(7)

III Of the Extent of Human Knowledge

478

(20)

IV Of the Reality of Knowledge

498

(10)

V Of Truth in General

508

(5)

VI Of Universal Propositions, their Truth and Certainty

513

(10)

VII Of Maxims

523

(15)

VIII Of Trifling Propositions

538

(8)

IX Of our Knowledge of Existence

546

(1)

X Of our Knowledge of the Existence of a GOD

547

(10)

XI Of our Knowledge of the Existence of other Things

557

(7)

XII Of the Improvement of our Knowledge

564

(10)

XIII Some further Considerations concerning our Knowledge

574

(2)

XIV Of Judgement

576

(1)

XV Of Probability

577

(3)

XVI Of the Degrees of Assent

580

(10)

XVII Of Reason

590

(17)

XVIII Of Faith and Reason, and their Distinct Provinces

607

(7)

XIX Of Enthusiasm

614

(9)

XX Of Wrong Assent, or Error

623

(11)

XXI Of the Division of the Sciences

634

(2)

APPENDIX: John Locke's Debate with Edward Stillingfleet, Bishop of Worcester, as it figures in footnotes in the Fifth Edition of the Essay

636

(90)

Index to the Fifth Edition

726

(23)

Notes

749

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An Essay Concerning Human Understanding

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials