Essential Thermodynamics

This book is designed for a one-semester undergraduate thermodynamics course for chemical engineering students. It covers basic principles of the equilibrium behavior of macroscopic systems and includes elementary microscopic concepts. A strong emphasis is placed on fundamentals: energy conservation in open and closed systems (first law), temperature, entropy and reversibility (second law), fundamental equations, and criteria for equilibrium and stability. These concepts are then applied to the analysis of energy conversion processes, mixing, phase equilibria, and chemical reactions.