Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies (with InfoTrac)

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ISBN: 9780534562359 | 0534562353
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 5/29/2002

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Have you ever wondered exactly what ethical standards exist in the media? ETHICS IN MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS: CASES AND CONTROVERSIES explains it all and shows you that there's a lot more to the story behind the scenes. Whether the issue is censorship, privacy, or accuracy, the media is governed by ethical norms that you need to know. And because it's packed with case studies and review tools, this media ethics textbook is the one that will help out on the test as well.

Preface

Introduction

PART ONE: FOUNDATIONS AND PRINCIPLES

(74)

Ethics and Moral Development

(20)

The Study of Ethics: An Overview

(4)

The Three Branches of Ethics

(1)

Ethical Communication

(1)

The Value of Ethics Education

(4)

Contents of a Course in Media Ethics

(1)

Developing Ethical Fitness

(1)

The First Principles of Moral Virtue

(3)

Credibility

(1)

Integrity

(1)

Civility

(2)

The Formation of Ethical Values and Attitudes

(3)

Defining Values and Attitudes

(1)

Sources of Values and Attitudes

(2)

The Ethical Dilemma: Conflict of Values

(6)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(2)

Ethics and Society

(31)

The Need for a System of Ethics

(5)

Society and Moral Anchors

(2)

The Functions of the Media within the Ethical System

(3)

Requirements of a System of Ethics

(2)

Shared Values

(1)

Wisdom

(1)

Justice

(1)

Freedom

(1)

Accountability

(1)

The Social Compact and Moral Duties

(4)

The Two Levels of Moral Duty

(2)

Deciding among Moral Duties

(2)

The Nexus of Law and Ethics

(2)

Institutional Autonomy and Social Responsibility

(6)

The Libertarian View

(1)

Social Responsibility

(5)

The Challenges of the Information Age

(3)

Convergence: New Media and Old Media

(1)

The Ethics of Cyberspace: Old Wine in New Bottles

(2)

The Media as Socially Responsible Institutions

(9)

Codes of Conduct

(2)

The Ombudsman System

(1)

News Councils

(1)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(3)

Ethics and Moral Reasoning

(22)

Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision Making

(1)

The Context of Moral Reasoning

(1)

The Philosophical Foundations of Moral Theory

(4)

The Greek Connection

(1)

The Judeo-Christian Ethic

(1)

Kant and Moral Duty

(1)

The Appeal of Utilitarianism

(1)

The Ethics of Egalitarianism

(1)

The Rise of Relativism

(1)

Ethical Theories in Moral Reasoning

(4)

Deontological (Duty-Based) Theories

(2)

Teleological (Consequence-Based) Theories

(1)

Virtue Theories: Aristotle's Golden Mean

(1)

Critical Thinking in Moral Reasoning

(1)

A Model of Moral Reasoning

(3)

The Situation Definition

(1)

Analysis of the Situation

(1)

Decision

(1)

A Sample Case Study

(8)

Situation Definition

(1)

Analysis

(3)

Decision

(1)

Summary

(1)

Notes

(3)

PART TWO: CASES IN MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS

(364)

Truth and Honesty in Media Communications

(53)

A World of Limited Truth

(2)

Truth as a Fundamental Value

(1)

The Importance of Truth

(2)

Media Practitioners and the Truth-Falsehood Dichotomy

(17)

Truth in Journalism

(11)

Infotainment: Where Truth and Fiction Collide

(2)

Truth in Advertising and Public Relations

(2)

Public Relations and Journalism: A Love-Hate Relationship

(1)

Intellectual Dishonesty

(3)

Truth Telling and Approaches to Moral Reasoning

101

(1)

Truth and Deception: Hypothetical Case Studies

101

(28)

Case Studies

102

(1)

Crisis Management on the Web and the Framing of Truth

102

(4)

Hidden Cameras and the Journalist as Social Conscience

106

(3)

The Careless Chaperons and the Unbridled Teens

109

(2)

Digital Photography and the Manipulation of Reality

111

(3)

Tainted Research and the Right to Know

114

(3)

Selling a Pain Remedy: Literal Truth as Deception

117

(2)

The Media Consultant as the Truth Squad

119

(3)

Vow of Silence

122

(3)

Notes

125

(4)

The Media and Privacy: A Delicate Balance

129

(46)

Ethics and Privacy: The Search for Meaning

129

(1)

The Value of Privacy

130

(4)

The Emergence of Privacy as a Moral Value

131

(1)

Privacy as a Legal Concept

132

(2)

The Need for an Ethics of Privacy

134

(3)

Basic Principles

134

(2)

Data Mining and Privacy in Cyberspace

136

(1)

Privacy and the Journalist: Some Special Problem Areas

137

(12)

Contagious Diseases and Disabilities

138

(1)

Homosexuality

139

(1)

Sex Crimes

140

(2)

Juvenile Offenders

142

(1)

Using Children as Sources

143

(1)

Suicides

144

(1)

Secret Cameras and Recorders

145

(1)

Accidents and Personal Tragedies

146

(1)

Computers and Database Journalism

147

(2)

The Search for Journalistic Guidelines

149

(1)

Advertising and Privacy

150

(1)

Privacy: Hypothetical Case Studies

151

(24)

Case Studies

152

(1)

The Pregnant Place Kicker

152

(2)

The Massacre at Langdale High and Laura's Secret Diary

154

(4)

In Vitro Fertilization and a Candidate's Family Secret

158

(3)

The Family Court Judge with a Mysterious Past

161

(3)

Courtroom Cameras and the Right to Privacy

164

(3)

The Right to Die with Dignity

167

(2)

Cyberspace Data Mining as a Public Relations Tool

169

(3)

Notes

172

(3)

Confidentiality and the Public Interest

175

(33)

The Principle of Confidentiality

175

(3)

The Justification for Confidentiality

178

(1)

Seeking Disclosure: The Moral Position of the Actor

179

(2)

Confidentiality in Journalism: Some Special Concerns

181

(3)

The Case for and against Confidentiality

181

(2)

A Delicate Balance: Confidentiality and Competing Interests

183

(1)

Changes in the Reporter-Source Relationship

184

(1)

The Principle of Confidentiality: Hypothetical Case Studies

185

(23)

Case Studies

186

(1)

Smallpox as a Weapon of Mass Destruction

186

(3)

A Public Relations Challenge: Fraud in a University's Basketball Program

189

(4)

The Online Editor and the Secret Negotiations

193

(2)

Gender Norming and the Admiral's Public Relations Problem

195

(4)

Attorney-Client Privilege and the Public's Right to Know

199

(3)

Client Confidentiality in Radio Sales

202

(1)

The Student Newspaper and Faculty Evaluations

203

(4)

Notes

207

(1)

Conflicts of Interest

208

(37)

Conflicts of Interest: Real and Imagined

208

(2)

Recognizing Conflicts: The Most Troublesome Terrain

210

(12)

Conflicting Relationships

210

(7)

Conflicting Public Participation

217

(3)

Vested Interests and Hidden Agendas

220

(2)

Approaches to Dealing with Conflicts of Interest

222

(1)

Conflicts of Interest: Hypothetical Case Studies

222

(23)

Case Studies

223

(1)

A Riverboat Casino Seeks Public Relations Counsel

223

(2)

DNA Testing: A Journalist's Call for Justice

225

(3)

The NABJ and Divided Loyalties

228

(3)

A Witness to Genocide

231

(2)

Campus Journalists and the Tobacco Wars

233

(4)

Switching Sides in Public Relations

237

(3)

Cable's Friend in Congress

240

(2)

Notes

242

(3)

Economic Pressures and Social Responsibility

245

(33)

Economic Interests versus Moral Obligations

245

(1)

Concentration of Media Ownership

246

(2)

The Alliance of Mass Media and Marketing

248

(5)

The Role of Advertising

253

(4)

The Media's Lifeline: The Ethical Challenges of Commercial Sponsorship

253

(2)

The Challenges of Cyberspace

255

(1)

Product Placements

256

(1)

Economic Pressures: Hypothetical Case Studies

257

(21)

Case Studies

257

(1)

Web-Based Ads and the Search Engine's Search for Financial Stability

257

(3)

The Talk Show as News Lead-In

260

(2)

The Commercialization of PBS

262

(3)

The Alumni Magazine: Journalism or Public Relations?

265

(3)

Product Placement in Prime Time

268

(2)

Slain Civil Rights Heroes as Commercial Props

270

(3)

The Junket as a Public Relations Tool

273

(2)

Notes

275

(3)

The Media and Antisocial Behavior

278

(36)

The Influence of the Media on Behavior

278

(1)

Media Lessons and Moral Responsibility

279

(10)

Antisocial Acts and Professional Obligations

279

(1)

The Media's Influence on Antisocial Behavior

280

(9)

The Media and Civility

289

(4)

Uncivil Behavior

289

(1)

Hate Speech

290

(2)

Dirty Tricks

292

(1)

The Media and Antisocial Behavior: Hypothetical Case Studies

293

(21)

Case Studies

293

(1)

Online Ads for AIDS Drugs and the Promotion of Unsafe Sex

293

(3)

Investigating Child Pornography: Limits of the First Amendment

296

(3)

Sports Trash Talk and the End of Innocence

299

(2)

Alcohol Ads in the Campus Newspaper

301

(3)

Online Links to Terrorist Home Pages

304

(3)

Violence in the Nation's Schools: A Radical Proposal

307

(3)

Drug Scenes on Prime-Time Television

310

(2)

Notes

312

(2)

Morally Offensive Content: Freedom and Responsibility

314

(32)

Society's Surveillance of Offensive Material

314

(1)

Pornography, Indecency, and Moral Responsibility

315

(5)

Offensive Speech

320

(1)

A Matter of Taste: Shocking and Disturbing Visuals

321

(3)

The Lingering Legacy of Blasphemy

324

(1)

The Case for Moral Limits

325

(1)

The Harm Principle

325

(1)

The Principle of Paternalism

325

(1)

The Principle of Moralism

326

(1)

The Offense Principle

326

(1)

The Case against Moral Limits

326

(1)

The Search for Standards

327

(1)

Morally Offensive Content: Hypothetical Case Studies

328

(18)

Case Studies

328

(1)

The Reparations Ad and the Limits of Free Speech

328

(3)

Live! From Death Row!

331

(3)

An Obit for a Stillborn

334

(2)

The Resurrection Conspiracy: Blasphemy or Artistic Freedom?

336

(2)

The Online Birth and News Values

338

(3)

Cyberporn and Free Speech

341

(3)

Notes

344

(2)

Media Content and Juveniles: Special Ethical Concerns

346

(26)

Juveniles and Cultural Paternalism

346

(2)

Influences on the Juvenile Audience

348

(5)

Movies

348

(1)

Recordings

349

(1)

Television

349

(2)

Advertising

351

(2)

The Juvenile Audience: Hypothetical Case Studies

353

(19)

Case Studies

354

(1)

Nottoway Landing's Cult Following among Young Female Viewers

354

(3)

Teen Therapy on the Airwaves

357

(2)

Advertising in the Public Schools

359

(3)

Video Games and the Promotion of Incivility

362

(3)

Credit Card Ads and the Teen Audience

365

(2)

Kids as Public Relations Strategy

367

(3)

Notes

370

(2)

Media Practitioners and Social Justice

372

(36)

The Principle of Formal Justice

372

(1)

Media Practitioners and Social Justice: Two Views

372

(13)

The Libertarian Concept of Justice

373

(1)

The Egalitarian Concept and Social Responsibility

374

(1)

The Mainstream: A Philosophical Blend

375

(10)

Social Justice and Ethical Decision Making

385

(1)

The Media and Social Justice: Hypothetical Case Studies

386

(22)

Case Studies

387

(1)

Diversity in the Public Relations Workplace: Race and Social Justice

387

(3)

Litigation Public Relations as a Tool of Justice

390

(3)

Christian Advocacy Ads and Homosexuality

393

(4)

The African-American Publisher and Divided Loyalties

397

(2)

International Public Relations, Morality, and Social Justice

399

(3)

Environmental Justice and Media Access

402

(3)

Notes

405

(3)

Stereotypes in Media Communications

408

(31)

The Concept of Stereotypes

408

(2)

The Role of Stereotypes in Media Content

410

(8)

Racial and Ethnic Minorities

411

(3)

Female Stereotypes

414

(1)

Sexual Orientation and Stereotypical Depictions

415

(1)

The Elderly

416

(1)

The Disabled

417

(1)

Strategies for Confronting Media Stereotyping

418

(1)

Stereotypes and the Media: Hypothetical Case Studies

419

(20)

Case Studies

419

(1)

Framing the Gay and Lesbian Issue for the Public Square

419

(3)

Television News and Stereotypical Symbols

422

(3)

Gender Wars and Sexual Stereotyping

425

(2)

The Disabled Athlete in Television Fiction

427

(3)

The American Indians' Battle with the Major Leagues

430

(4)

The Television Teacher and Stereotyping at Central High

434

(3)

Notes

437

(2)

Epilogue

439

(6)

A Couple of Lessons from This Text

439

(1)

The State of Media Ethics: Mixed Signals

440

(1)

The Newest Frontier: The Ethical Challenges of Cyberspace

441

(1)

Toward Greater Ethical Awareness: What Can Be Done?

441

(4)

Appendix 1 Society of Professional Journalists: Code of Ethics

445

(2)

Appendix 2 American Advertising Federation: Advertising Principles of American Business

447

(1)

Appendix 3 Public Relations Society of America: Code of Ethics

448

(5)

Selected Bibliography

453

(3)

Index

456

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Ethics in Media Communications Cases and Controversies (with InfoTrac)

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials