The Ethics of War and Peace: An Introduction

When is it right to go to war? When is a war illegal? What are the rules of engagement? What should happen when a war is over? How should we view terrorism? The Ethics of War and Peaceis a fresh and contemporary introduction to one of the oldest but still most relevant ethical debates. It introduces students to contemporary Just War Theory in a stimulating and engaging way, perfect for those approaching the topic for the first time. Helen Frowe explains the core issues in Just War Theory, and chapter by chapter examines the recent and ongoing philosophical? debates on: Theories of self defence and national defence Jus ad Bellum, Jus in Bello, and Jus post Bellum The moral status of combatants The principle of non-combatant immunity The nature of terrorism and the moral status of terrorists. Each chapter concludes with a useful summary, discussion questions and suggestions for further reading, to aid student learning and revision. The Ethics of War and Peaceis the ideal textbook for students studying philosophy, politics and international relations.

Helen Frowe is a lecturer in Philosophy at the University of Kent, UK, and was previously a lecturer and Leverhulme Early Career Fellow in Philosophy at the University of Sheffield, UK.

Acknowledgments	p. xi
Introduction	p. 1
Self-defence	p. 9
Proportionality and necessity	p. 9
The culpability account	p. 12
The rights-based account	p. 13
The responsibility account	p. 18
The doctrine of double effect	p. 19
Other-defence	p. 24
Chapter summary	p. 26
War and self-defence	p. 29
States and Citizens
The domestic analogy	p. 29
The collectivist account	p. 30
The individualist account	p. 34
RodinÆs critique of individualism	p. 35
The Laws of War
Morality and law	p. 39
The deep morality of war	p. 40
The morally best laws of war	p. 42
Conflicting obligations	p. 43
Regulating wrongdoing	p. 45
Chapter summary	p. 47
The conditions of jus ad bellum	p. 50
Jus Ad Bellum
The rules of jus ad bellum	p. 50
Just cause	p. 51
Proportionality	p. 54
A reasonable chance of success	p. 56
Legitimate authority	p. 59
Right intention	p. 60
Last resort	p. 62
Public declaration of war	p. 63
Just Cause and Proportionality
Violations of sovereignty	p. 63
Liability and proportionality	p. 66
Chapter summary	p. 69
Just wars?	p. 72
Pre-Emption and Prevention
Definitions	p. 72
Rethinking pre-emption	p. 74
The role of imminence	p. 75
Pre-emptioin and just cause	p. 77
Punitive Wars
Punishment as just cause	p. 80
The requirement of discrimination	p. 82
Humanitarian Intervention
Intervention and sovereignty	p. 84
Kosovo	p. 84
Conditional sovereignty	p. 87
Intervention as other-defence	p. 89
Chapter summary	p. 92
The conditions of jus in bello	p. 95
The IDEA of Jus in Bello
Realism	p. 95
The independence of jus in bello	p. 99
The Rules of Jus in Bello
Qualifying as a combatant	p. 101
Legitimate targets	p. 103
Legitimate tactics	p. 106
Prisoners of war	p. 114
Chapter summary	p. 116
The moral status of combatants	p. 118
The Orthodox View
The moral innocence of combatants	p. 118
WalzerÆs models of combat	p. 119
Undermining the orthodox account	p. 122
The Moral Inequality of Combatants
McMahanÆs account	p. 124
Institutional stability	p. 127
The argument from ignorance	p. 130
Just and æjustifiedÆ combatants	p. 132
Chapter summary	p. 137
Non-combatants in war	p. 140
Collateral Damage
The doctrine of double effect	p. 140
Double effect and double intent	p. 142
Alternatives to double effect	p. 144
The precautionary principle148
Combatants and Non-Combatants: Drawing the Line
Guilt and non-combatant immunity	p. 152
Posing a threat	p. 153
Guns and food	p. 154
Proximate threats	p. 156
Beyond the Principle of Non-Combatant Immunity
A useful convention	p. 159
Moral responsibility	p. 161
Chapter summary	p. 164
The moral status of terrorism	p. 168
What is Terrorism?
Political motivation	p. 169
Attacking non-combatants	p. 171
Non-state violence	p. 172
More violence	p. 175
Fear	p. 177
WhatÆs Wrong with Terrorism?
Killing non-combatants	p. 180
Legitimate authority and representative authority	p. 181
Using as a mere means	p. 183
Permissible terrorism?	p. 185
Chapter summary	p. 188
Terrorists, torture and just war theory	p. 190
The Legal Status of Terrorists
Combatants, or criminals?	p. 190
Terrorists as illegitimate combatants	p. 192
Terrorists as combatants	p. 194
Torturing Terrorists
Ticking time bombs	p. 197
Utilitarian arguments for torture	p. 198
Torture as defence	p. 201
Chapter summary	p. 205
Jus post bellum	p. 208
Ending War
Minimalism and maximalism	p. 208
Post bellum regime change	p. 211
Reconstruction after humanitarian intervention	p. 213
War Crimes
The superior orders defence	p. 216
Moral perception	p. 219
Duress	p. 221
Command responsibility	p. 223
Amnesties	p. 224
Chapter summary	p. 227
Glossary	p. 230
Bibliography	p. 232
Index	p. 237
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The Ethics of War and Peace: An Introduction

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Table of Contents

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