Part 1: Reading and Understanding Arguments 1. Understanding Arguments and Reading Them Critically Everything Is an Argument Why Read Arguments Critically and Rhetorically Why Listen to Arguments Rhetorically and Respectfully Why We Make Arguments Occasions for Argument Kinds of Argument STASIS QUESTIONS AT WORK Appealing to Audiences CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT 2. Arguments Based on Emotion: Pathos Reading Critically for Pathos Using Emotions to Build Bridges Using Emotions to Sustain an Argument Using Humor Using Arguments Based on Emotion 3. Arguments Based on Character: Ethos Thinking Critically About Arguments Based on Character Establishing Trustworthiness and Credibility Claiming Authority Coming Clean about Motives CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT 4. Arguments Based on Facts and Reason: Logos Thinking Critically About Hard Evidence Using Reason and Common Sense CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT Providing Logical Structures for Argument 5. Fallacies of Argument Fallacies of Emotional Argument Fallacies of Ethical Argument Fallacies of Logical Argument 6. Rhetorical Analysis Composing a Rhetorical Analysis Understanding the Purpose of Arguments You Are Analyzing Understanding Who Makes an Argument Identifying and Appealing to Audiences Examining Arguments Based on Emotion: Pathos Examining Arguments Based on Character: Ethos Examining Arguments Based on Facts and Reason: Logos Examining the Arrangement and Media of Arguments Looking at Style Examining a Rhetorical Analysis *Nicholas Kristof, Fleeing to the Mountains *Cameron Hauer, Appeal, Audience, and Narrative in Kristof’s Wilderness GUIDE TO WRITING A RHETORICAL ANALYSIS Part 2: Writing Arguments 7. Structuring Arguments The Classical Oration Rogerian and Invitational Arguments Toulmin Argument *Stephen L. Carter, Offensive Speech Is Free Speech. If Only We’d Listen CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT 8. Arguments of Fact Understanding Arguments of Fact Characterizing Factual Arguments Developing a Factual Argument GUIDE TO WRITING AN ARGUMENT OF FACT Two Sample Factual Arguments *Kate Beispel, The Snacktivities and Musings of a Millennial Foodie (student essay) *Michael Hiltzik, Don’t Believe Facebook: The Demise of the Written Word Is Very Far Off 9. Arguments of Definition Understanding Arguments of Definition Kinds of Definition Developing a Definitional Argument GUIDE TO WRITING AN ARGUMENT OF DEFINITION Two Sample Definitional Arguments Natasha Rodriguez, Who Are You Calling Underprivileged? (student essay) *Rob Jenkins, Defining the Relationship 10. Evaluations Understanding Evaluations Criteria of Evaluation Characterizing Evaluation Developing an Evaluative Argument GUIDE TO WRITING AN EVALUATION Two Sample Evaluations *Jenny Kim, The Toxicity in Learning (student essay) *Becca Stenak, I Took Vitamins Every Day for a Decade. Then I Found Out They’re Useless 11. Causal Arguments Understanding Causal Arguments Characterizing Causal Arguments Developing Causal Arguments GUIDE TO WRITING A CAUSAL ARGUMENT Two Sample Causal Arguments *Laura Tarrant, Forever Alone (and Perfectly Fine) (student essay) *Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry, America’s Birthrate Is Now a National Emergency 12. Proposals Understanding and Categorizing Proposals Characterizing Proposals Developing Proposals GUIDE TO WRITING A PROPOSAL Two Sample Proposals *Caleb Wong, Addiction to Social Media: How to Overcome It (student essay) *Lenore Skenazy, My Free-Range Parenting Manifesto Part 3: Style and Presentation in Arguments 13. Style in Arguments Style and Word Choice Sentence Structure and Argument Punctuation and Argument Special Effects: Figurative Language CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT 14. Visual Rhetoric The Power of Visual Arguments Using Visuals in Your Own Arguments 15. Presenting Arguments Class and Public Discussions CULTURAL CONTEXTS FOR ARGUMENT Preparing a Presentation 16. Multimodal Arguments Old Media Transformed by New Media New Content in New Media New Audiences in New Media Analyzing Multimodal Arguments Making Multimodal Arguments Part 4: Research and Arguments 17. Academic Arguments Understanding What Academic Argument Is Developing an Academic Argument Two Sample Academic Arguments Charlotte Geaghan-Breiner, Where the Wild Things Should Be: Healing Nature Deficit Disorder through the Schoolyard (student essay) *Sidra Montgomery, The Emotional Work of "Thank You For Your Service" 18. Finding Evidence Considering the Rhetorical Situation Using Data and Evidence from Research Sources SEARCHING ONLINE OR IN DATABASES Collecting Data on Your Own 19. Evaluating Sources Assessing Print Sources Assessing Electronic Sources Assessing Field Research 20. Using Sources Practicing Infotention Building a Critical Mass Synthesizing Information 21. Plagiarism and Academic Integrity Giving Credit Getting Permission for and Using Copyrighted Internet Sources Acknowledging Your Sources Accurately and Appropriately Acknowledging Collaboration 22. Documenting Sources MLA Style APA Style Index
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