Evidence-based Chiropractic Practice

This text informs readers about the procedures involved in the practice of evidence-based chiropractic, background information that is needed to obtain and interpret chiropractic evidence, as well as practical examples to assist with implementation.

Foreword

xi

Preface

xiii

PART I Fundamentals of Evidence-Based Practice

CHAPTER ONE Introduction

3

(36)

What Is Evidence-Based Chiropractic?

3

(8)

Why Evidence-Based Chiropractic?

11

(5)

When to Use Evidence-Based Chiropractic

16

(2)

Steps Involved in the Practice of Evidence-Based Chiropractic

18

(14)

Relationship of Chiropractic Philosophy to Evidence-Based Chiropractic

32

(7)

CHAPTER TWO Types of Evidence

39

(26)

Peer Review

40

(2)

Indexing

42

(1)

Sources of Evidence

43

(1)

Journals

44

(1)

Newsletters

45

(3)

Websites

48

(7)

Anatomy of a Scholarly Article

55

(3)

Red Flags for Untrustworthy Information

58

(1)

Appraising Evidence

59

(6)

CHAPTER THREE Literature Searching

65

(24)

The Databases

66

(4)

Searching Essentials

70

(6)

Advanced Strategies

76

(10)

Summary

86

(3)

CHAPTER FOUR Biostatistics Basics

89

(56)

Populations and Samples

90

(1)

Descriptive Statistics

91

(18)

Inferential Statistics

109

(10)

Statistical Tests Commonly Encountered in Research

119

(26)

PART II Research Designs Commonly Encountered in the Chiropractic Literature

CHAPTER FIVE Experimental Designs

145

(34)

Research Methods

145

(6)

Group Clinical Trial Designs

151

(11)

Design Options

162

(5)

Chiropractic Interventions and Experimental Methods

167

(2)

Ethics in Biomedical Research

169

(3)

Appraisal Tactics

172

(7)

CHAPTER SIX Literature Review Designs

179

(32)

Narrative Reviews

181

(1)

Systematic Reviews

182

(5)

Meta-analyses

187

(8)

Comparison of Literature Review Designs

195

(3)

Structure of a Review Article

198

(4)

Appraisal Tactics

202

(9)

CHAPTER SEVEN Case Designs

211

(32)

Case Reports

211

(9)

Case Series

220

(3)

Single-Subject Time Series Designs

223

(13)

Appraisal Tactics

236

(7)

CHAPTER EIGHT Epidemiology

243

(32)

Measurement of Disease Frequency and Occurrence

244

(2)

Causation in Epidemiology

246

(6)

Cross-Sectional Studies

252

(2)

Case-Control Studies

254

(6)

Cohort Studies

260

(5)

Appraisal Tactics

265

(10)

CHAPTER NINE Reliability and Validity Designs

275

(36)

Estimating Reliability

278

(7)

Validity

285

(15)

Clinical Disagreement

300

(1)

Appraisal Tactics

301

(10)

PART III Practical Applications of Evidence-Based Chiropractic

CHAPTER TEN Evidence-Based Chiropractic and Documentation

311

(38)

Supporting Diagnostic and Treatment Protocols Through Good Documentation

311

(2)

Guidelines

313

(4)

Outcome Measures Commonly Used in Chiropractic

317

(2)

Measures of Pain

319

(8)

Measures of Function

327

(22)

CHAPTER ELEVEN Putting It All Together

349

(24)

Practical Clinical Scenarios

349

(11)

What If Evidence Is Lacking for Your Topic?

360

(4)

Improving the EBC Process

364

(9)

Appendix 1 Health Information Website Evaluation Checklist

373

(2)

Appendix 2 General Checklist for the Appraisal of Journal Articles

375

(2)

Appendix 3 Checklist for the Appraisal of Therapy Articles

377

(2)

Appendix 4 Checklist for the Appraisal of Literature Review Articles

379

(2)

Appendix 5 Checklist for the Appraisal of Case Reports

381

(2)

Appendix 6 Checklist for the Appraisal of Epidemiologic Articles

383

(2)

Appendix 7 Checklist for the Appraisal of Diagnostic Accuracy Articles

385

(4)

Appendix 8 Characteristic Pain Intensity (CPI)

389

(2)

Appendix 9 Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Pain Diagram

391

(2)

Appendix 10 Revised Oswestry Low Back Disability Index

393

(4)

Appendix 11 The Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire

397

(2)

Appendix 12 Neck Disability Index

399

(4)

Appendix 13 Whiplash Disability Questionnaire

403

(4)

Appendix 14 Headache Disability Inventory

407

(4)

Appendix 15 Migraine Disability Assessment Score (MIDAS)

411

(2)

Appendix 16 RAND 36-Item Health Survey Instrument (Version 1.0)

413

(6)

Glossary

419

(22)

Index

441

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Evidence-based Chiropractic Practice

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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Evidence-based Chiropractic Practice

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

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