The Evolution and Function of Cognition

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ISBN: 9780805842166 | 0805842160
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 8/1/2002

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This book is about understanding all of mainstream psychology from an evolutionary perspective.The author emphasizes historical continuity and shows how evolutionary psychology fits in w/ the mainstream of thought in psychological theory.

Foreword	p. xv
Prologue	p. xix
Acknowledgments	p. xxv
Background	p. 1
Evolution and Cognition	p. 1
Cognitive Psychology	p. 2
Historical Antecedents	p. 2
Mental Processes and Their Measurement	p. 3
The Reemergence of Cognitive Psychology	p. 6
Evolutionary Theory	p. 9
Early Developments	p. 9
Evolution Through Natural Selection	p. 13
Chance Variation	p. 13
Struggle for Survival	p. 13
Survival of the Fittest	p. 14
Update of Darwin's Theory	p. 16
Individual Survival Variables	p. 17
Individual Attractiveness Variables	p. 17
Sexual Facilitator Variables	p. 17
Sexual Mutuality Variables	p. 17
Territory Variables	p. 18
Kin Selection Variables	p. 18
Empirical Support for Darwin's Theory	p. 19
Problems and Puzzles	p. 24
Group Selection	p. 24
Speciation	p. 26
Exaptation	p. 27
Junk DNA	p. 29
Learning (Cultural) Overlay	p. 31
Statement of Purpose	p. 32
Foundations	p. 34
The Emergence of Life	p. 34
Organisms as Reflections of Their Environment	p. 36
Functional Interpretation	p. 37
Functional Causality	p. 38
Teleology	p. 38
Anthropomorphism	p. 39
Primitive Life and the Primal Environment	p. 40
Early Life Forms	p. 40
The Early Environment	p. 41
Three Major Survival Techniques in Evolution	p. 42
Armor	p. 42
Replication	p. 43
Differential Behavior	p. 43
Gambits of Defense and Offense	p. 44
Statement of Fundamental Principles	p. 45
The Postulate of Process	p. 46
The Postulate of Inference	p. 50
Overview	p. 57
Progressive Steps in Evolution	p. 58
Single Dimension Differential Behavior	p. 58
Dual-Dimension Differential Behavior	p. 59
Multi-Dimension Differential Response	p. 60
Inherited Associations	p. 61
Learned Cue-Response Associations	p. 63
World Internalization	p. 64
Corollary Buttressing Mechanisms	p. 65
Sensory Input	p. 66
Primary Activation Input	p. 66
Secondary Activation Input	p. 66
Cue Function Input	p. 67
Simplification Techniques	p. 67
Input Fusion	p. 68
Constancies	p. 70
Input Focalization	p. 71
Internal Locomotion: Thinking	p. 73
Language	p. 74
Related Problems and Criticisms	p. 75
Chapter Summary	p. 77
Sensory Input	p. 80
Problems of Experience	p. 81
History	p. 81
Mind Versus Body	p. 84
The Categories of Sensory Input and Their Function	p. 87
Primary Activation Input	p. 90
Information Input	p. 93
Secondary Activation Input	p. 98
The Activation of Cues	p. 99
Kinds of Secondary Activation Input (Affect)	p. 100
Emotion	p. 101
Feelings	p. 102
Pleasure	p. 103
The Functions of Pleasure	p. 104
Monitoring	p. 104
Discrimination	p. 104
Emphasis	p. 105
Flare Input	p. 106
Discussion	p. 107
Is There A Generalized Activation Input?	p. 109
Transformations	p. 110
Process Interdependencies	p. 110
Chapter Summary	p. 114
Perceptual Structuring	p. 115
Clarification of Terms	p. 116
The Genesis of Perceptual Structuring	p. 117
History	p. 118
Relative Adaptive Contribution	p. 119
The Malleability of the Perceptual Process	p. 122
Environmental Factors in Perceptual Structuring	p. 123
Edgeness	p. 123
Movement	p. 125
Multiplicity	p. 128
Fusion	p. 128
Constancy	p. 129
Size Constancy	p. 129
Shape Constancy	p. 130
Summary and Comments	p. 131
World Externalization	p. 132
Perceptual Structuring and Memory Structuring	p. 134
Time	p. 136
The Autocept	p. 139
Autocept Emergence	p. 140
Autocept Boundary	p. 142
Experiments on Autocept Emergence	p. 143
Autocept Functions	p. 144
Automaticity	p. 144
Continuity	p. 145
Volition	p. 146
The Experience of Freedom	p. 149
Chapter Summary	p. 151
Learning--Memory	p. 154
Learning	p. 155
Perceptual Structuring and Learning	p. 155
Levels of Approach	p. 156
History	p. 157
Four Kinds of Learning	p. 162
Cue Deneutralization	p. 163
Instrumental Learning	p. 164
Insight Learning	p. 166
Observation Learning	p. 167
Observation Learning Update	p. 168
Apperception and Encoding	p. 170
Concept Formation	p. 173
Associations Among Encodes	p. 174
Biological Constraints on Learning	p. 176
Summary and Discussion	p. 183
Memory	p. 184
Immediate Awareness and Its Functions	p. 185
Short-Term Memory and Its Functions	p. 190
Long-Term Memory	p. 191
Long-Term Memory Update	p. 191
Chapter Summary	p. 194
Apperception	p. 198
The Field of Awareness and Apperception	p. 200
Encodes and the Field of Awareness	p. 201
Narrowing the Scan	p. 203
The Physical Mechanism	p. 204
Duration of the Blip	p. 206
Inclusiveness of the Blob	p. 211
Total Response to Partial Cues	p. 213
Fusion and the Speed of Apperception	p. 214
The Conditions of Fusion	p. 216
Variables Influencing Apperception	p. 217
Inherited Predispositions	p. 217
Learned Predispositions	p. 218
Novelty	p. 220
Activation Input	p. 220
Influence of the Autocept	p. 223
The Light-Shift Model	p. 224
Mentation	p. 225
Thinking	p. 225
Imagining	p. 227
Dreaming	p. 229
Summary and Discussion	p. 242
Reasoning	p. 245
Meaning	p. 245
Pleasure and Mentation	p. 246
Buffer Reverberations and Mentations	p. 247
Sub-Awareness Information Processing	p. 249
Chapter Summary	p. 255
Reaction	p. 257
Contemporaneous Causation and Past Learning	p. 257
Experience and Action	p. 258
Action Systems	p. 259
Hardwired Neural Circuits	p. 259
Complex Behavior: Hardwired, Cognitive, or Both	p. 261
Cognition and Behavior	p. 263
Fusion and the Emergence of Composite Action Systems (CASs)	p. 264
Overt Behavior and the Motor Threshold	p. 267
Learning and the Lowering of the Motor Threshold	p. 267
Input Intensity and Response Magnitude	p. 269
The Effect of Conflict and the Motor Threshold	p. 270
The Autocept and Overt Behavior	p. 272
Inclusiveness of Composite Action Systems (CASs)	p. 276
Summary and Discussion	p. 277
Response Cessation	p. 278
Interference or Decay?	p. 284
Chapter Summary	p. 286
Language	p. 288
The Nature-Nurture Controversy	p. 288
Language Development	p. 293
Speech Initiation	p. 294
Language as Symbolic Replica	p. 296
Words as Mirrors of Process	p. 298
Body Language and Empathy	p. 298
Language Transduction	p. 300
Language Universals	p. 302
Buffer Reverberations and Speech	p. 305
Chapter Summary	p. 308
Epilogue	p. 311
Glossary	p. 315
References	p. 321
Author Index	p. 341
Subject Index	p. 349
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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