Evolutionary Principles of Human Adolescence

An exploration of human adolescence, this book is unique because of its ethological perspective. The author presents a comprehensive treatment of adolescent development from a functional, evolutionary point of view, providing a research-based description of human adolescence. He also offers a comparative perspective, describing adolescence in other species, human cultures, and historical periods.

Glenn Weisfeld is associate professor of psychology at Wayne State University. He is the coeditor, with Nancy L. Segal and Carol C. Weisfeld, of Uniting Psychology and Biology: Integrative Perspectives on Human Development (1997) and editor of the Human Ethology Bulletin.

List of Tables and Illustrations

xi

Acknowledgments

xiii

The Biological Approach

1

(18)

Generalizing About People

1

(1)

Uniting Psychology with Biology

2

(2)

Introduction to the Biological Approach

4

(1)

Basic Issues

5

(4)

Identifying Evolved Behaviors

9

(4)

Determining the Function of an Evolved Trait

13

(4)

Summary

17

(2)

Motives

19

(14)

The Importance of Motives

19

(2)

What Motives Are

21

(2)

How Can the Basic Human Motives Be Identified?

23

(2)

A Working List of the Basic Human Motives

25

(2)

Vicarious Emotion

27

(1)

Development of Motivation

28

(1)

Development of Cognition and Learning

29

(3)

Summary

32

(1)

Social Motivation

33

(15)

Sexual Feelings

33

(1)

Loneliness

34

(8)

Interest

42

(3)

Humor Appreciation

45

(1)

Anger

46

(1)

Summary

47

(1)

Pride and Shame

48

(15)

Dominance Hierarchies

48

(3)

Evolved Basis of Status Striving in Humans

51

(4)

Emotions Underlying Reciprocal Altruism

55

(3)

Integrating Various Models of Social Behavior

58

(3)

Summary

61

(2)

Sex Differences in Reproductive Behavior

63

(14)

Trivers's Theory of Parental Investment and Sexual Selection

64

(5)

Trivers's Theory Applied to Humans

69

(4)

Motivational Changes at Adolescence

73

(1)

Summary

74

(3)

The Social Context of Human Adolescence

77

(32)

Human Social Adaptations

78

(17)

The Adolescent in Modern Society

95

(12)

Summary

107

(2)

Puberty Rites

109

(18)

Puberty Rites in Overview

110

(2)

Features of Puberty Rites Analyzed Functionally

112

(9)

The Timing of Puberty Rites and Adolescence

121

(3)

Summary

124

(3)

Pubertal Changes in Primates

127

(20)

Growth and Maturation in Primates

127

(6)

Sexual Dimorphism

133

(1)

Sexual Bimaturism

134

(2)

Individual Differences in Maturation

136

(9)

Summary

145

(2)

Pubertal Changes in Boys

147

(38)

Endocrine System

147

(11)

Reproductive System

158

(1)

Musculoskeletal System

158

(6)

Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems

164

(1)

Integumentary System

164

(2)

Functional Overview of Bodily Changes

166

(2)

Nervous System (Behavior)

168

(14)

Summary

182

(3)

Pubertal Changes in Girls

185

(24)

Endocrine System

185

(7)

Reproductive System

192

(5)

Skeletal and Integumentary Systems

197

(3)

Nervous System (Behavior)

200

(6)

Summary

206

(3)

Boys' Peer Relations

209

(22)

Dominance Behavior in Childhood

210

(2)

Dominance Behavior in Adolescence

212

(8)

Dominance Behavior in Adulthood

220

(1)

Personality Development Through Peer Relations

221

(4)

Group Dynamics

225

(3)

Summary

228

(3)

Girls' Peer Relations

231

(14)

Dominance Behavior Among Female Primates

231

(1)

Dominance Behavior Among Girls and Women

232

(2)

Pubertal Timing

234

(3)

Obesity

237

(2)

Female Inhibition in Mixed-Sex Competition

239

(2)

Friendship

241

(2)

Summary

243

(2)

Sexual Relations

245

(39)

Sexual Orientation in Men

245

(3)

Sexual Orientation in Women

248

(1)

Sex Differences in Sexual Behavior

249

(7)

Mate Choice by Males

256

(6)

Mate Choice by Females

262

(4)

Unmarried Adolescent Childbearing

266

(10)

Marriage Maintenance

276

(4)

Summary

280

(4)

Parent-Adolescent Relations

284

(29)

Parent-Adolescent Conflict

284

(3)

Parental Styles

287

(11)

Juvenile Delinquency

298

(5)

Father Absence

303

(1)

Effects of Divorce

304

(3)

Drug Abuse

307

(3)

Summary

310

(3)

A Model of Human Adolescence

313

(12)

Sex Differentiation

314

(3)

Sex and Pair Bonds

317

(1)

Puberty and Puberty Rites

318

(2)

Marriage and Divorce

320

(2)

Parent-Adolescent Relations

322

(1)

Conclusion

323

(2)

References

325

(53)

Author Index

378

(7)

Subject Index

385

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Evolutionary Principles of Human Adolescence

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials