Excavation Systems Planning, Design, and Safety

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ISBN: 9780071498692 | 0071498699
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 9/14/2008

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Get Deep into the Field of Excavation-Planning, Practice, and SafetyExcavation Systems Planning, Design, and Safetyis a thorough guide to ensuring your projects are completed correctly, safely, and cost effectively. Concisely written and presented in an easy-to-navigate format, this comprehensive guide arms you with the most current information available. New developments and trends, along with numerous design examples, illustrations, and important OSHA requirements and other legal issues, provide everything you'll need to excel in your field. Ideal for anyone involved in the trade, this indispensable resource brings you up to date on all the critical aspects of your job.Includes: Shoring Designs Standards Best Practices in Safety Planning Techniques for Protecting Subsurface Utilities Soil Classification Soil Loading on Shoring Systems OSHA Standards Information on EquipmentExcavation Systems Planning, Design, and Safetycovers: Overview of Excavation Safety Excavation Work Planning Subsurface Installations and Outside Force Damage Protection Soil Dynamics from an Excavation Perspective Soil Loading for Protective System Designo Open Cut Protective Systems Excavation Safety Systems Equipment Design and Use Legal Issues Understanding OSHA Excavation Safety Standardso Full Commentary on OSHA Subpart P Excavations Glossary of Terms

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xvii
Introduction to Excavation Safety and Shoring Design	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Excavation Work Categories	p. 2
Basic Excavation Terminology	p. 3
Excavation Industry Makeup	p. 5
Excavation Safety Regulation	p. 6
The State and Federal Rule-Making Process	p. 11
Excavation Safety Concepts and Solutions	p. 15
References	p. 21
Engineering Structural Principles for Shoring Design	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Forces	p. 25
Beam Properties	p. 33
Factor of Safety	p. 38
Allowable Stress Design	p. 38
Construction Engineering Design	p. 42
Steel I Beams Used for Shoring	p. 44
References	p. 46
Excavation Work Planning	p. 47
Introduction	p. 47
Excavation Planning Responsibilities of the Design Engineer	p. 47
Excavation Planning Responsibilities of the Contractor	p. 53
Legal Requirements to Generate an Excavation Plan	p. 58
Elements of an Excavation Plan	p. 61
Design Standards for Excavation Plans and Shoring Systems	p. 69
Standard Practice for Designing Open Cut Excavations	p. 70
Standard Practice for Shored Excavation Design	p. 74
Short-Term Soil Loading	p. 82
Allowable Strength of Shoring Materials	p. 83
References	p. 88
Existing Subsurface Installations and Outside Force Damage Protection	p. 89
Introduction	p. 89
Major Players in the Process of Existing Facility Depiction	p. 90
Existing Buried Infrastructure	p. 92
Pipeline Safety Regulations	p. 99
Federal Regulations	p. 100
Worker Protection Regulations	p. 102
State Regulations	p. 102
Existing Subsurface Utility Location Standard Practice	p. 105
Project Design Phase Collection and Depiction of Subsurface Facilities	p. 106
Utility Location Surface Marking Prior to Production Excavation Work	p. 108
Comments on Precise Line Locating Work	p. 110
Surface Damage to Underground Facilities from Wheel Loads	p. 113
Determining Traffic and Soil Loading Pressure on Existing Pipes	p. 114
Support of Exposed Underground Facilities	p. 118
Requirements for Protection of Exposed Existing Facilities	p. 119
Pipe Support Plan	p. 120
Open Trench Traffic Bridges	p. 123
Road Plate Installation Considerations	p. 125
Road Plate Engineering	p. 127
Road Plate Handling and Safety Issues	p. 133
Trench Bridges for Larger Spans	p. 134
References	p. 136
Interpreting Soils Information for Excavation Planning and Shoring Design	p. 137
Introduction	p. 137
Soil Classification System	p. 138
Attributes of Soils in General	p. 138
Cohesive and Noncohesive Soils	p. 141
Fundamental Design Properties of Soils	p. 145
Reading Soils Reports and Bore Logs for Shoring Design	p. 151
Determining Shoring Design Parameters and Basic Properties of Soils from Soils Reports-Watertable [down triangle, open], [phi], and c	p. 156
Geotechnical Report Recommendations	p. 156
Developing Shoring Design Parameters from Boring Logs and Soil Test Data	p. 158
OSHA Appendix A Soil Classification System and Type A, B, and C Soil	p. 163
Comment on Appendix A and Standard Practice Shoring Application Today	p. 165
Determining OSHA Appendix A Soil Types Using Bore Logs	p. 173
References	p. 175
Excavation Stability and Shoring Design Loads	p. 177
Soil Loading on Excavation Shoring Systems	p. 177
Earth Pressure Theories, Active, at Rest, and Passive Soil Pressure	p. 178
Rankine Earth Pressure Theory	p. 181
Coulomb Earth Pressure Theory	p. 184
Log-Spiral Theory	p. 187
Use of Earth Pressure Theories	p. 189
Apparent Soil Pressure Diagrams for Braced Cuts	p. 191
Important Information Resulting from Studies of Deep Excavations	p. 193
Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram for Cuts in Noncohesive Soils	p. 194
Apparent Earth Pressure Diagram for Cuts in Cohesive Soils	p. 196
Pressure Diagrams for OSHA Appendix A Soil Types	p. 200
Soil Arching Theory	p. 204
References	p. 206
Surcharge Loading, Base Stability, and Surface Settlement	p. 209
Surcharge Loads	p. 209
Calculating Surcharge Loads	p. 211
Surcharge Load Cases	p. 215
Surcharge Load Decisions for the Competent Person	p. 223
Railroad Cooper E-80 Loading	p. 226
Base Stability of Excavations and Surface Settlement	p. 233
Structural Base Deterioration During the Construction Process	p. 234
Bottom Stability in Noncohesive Soils	p. 234
Bottom Stability in Cohesive Soils	p. 239
Prediction and Control of Deflection and Settlement from Shoring and Excavation Operations	p. 243
Ground Loss in Excavations to 20 ft Deep Shored with Trench Jacks and Shoring Shields	p. 244
Ground Loss in Excavations Shored with Slide Rail, H-Pile and Lagging, and Sheet Piles	p. 246
References	p. 268
Slope Stability and Open Cut Worker Protection Systems	p. 271
Introduction	p. 271
Recognizing Project Design Inherent Slope Stability Problems and Sloped Option Eliminators	p. 272
Slope Stability Sensitive Projects	p. 275
Factors Affecting Slope Stability in Excavations	p. 276
Open Cut Sloping Worker Protection Designed under OSHA Requirements	p. 279
Excerpts from OSHA 1926 Subpart P Regarding Open Cut Worker Protection with Commentary	p. 279
OSHA 1926 Subpart P Appendix B-Sloping and Benching with Commentary	p. 281
OSHA Appendix B-Sloping and Benching Slope Configurations	p. 292
Open Cut Plans by a Registered Engineer	p. 296
Engineered Design Philosophy for Open Cut Excavation Plans	p. 297
Open Cut Excavation Safety Issues	p. 298
References	p. 299
Shoring Systems Selected from Tabulated Data	p. 301
Introduction	p. 301
Timber Shoring	p. 302
Timber Shoring Design Using Tabulated Data	p. 303
Timber Shoring Design by a Registered Engineer	p. 307
Equivalent Section	p. 320
Soil Arching and Timber Lagging	p. 321
Equivalent Steel Lagging Section for Timber Lagging	p. 324
Timber Shoring Safety Issues	p. 326
Aluminum Hydraulic Shoring	p. 327
Basic Theory of How Trench Jacks Work	p. 328
Trench Jack Engineering	p. 334
Development of Trench Jack Tabulated Data	p. 352
Safe Handling and Use of Trench Jacks	p. 356
Trench Jack Use Criteria	p. 360
Trench Jack Shoring Design by a Registered Engineer	p. 363
High-Clearance Shores	p. 366
High-Clearance Shore Engineering and Tabulated Data	p. 366
High-Clearance Shore Use and Safety Issues	p. 372
High-Clearance Shoring Design by a Registered Engineer	p. 373
Waler Rails	p. 375
Waler Rail Engineering and Tabulated Data	p. 376
Sheeting Requirements for Waler Rail System	p. 381
Hydraulic Shoring Boxes Constructed from Waler Rails	p. 384
Waler Rail Installation and Safety Issues	p. 385
Waler Rail Design by a Civil Engineer	p. 385
Shoring Shields	p. 386
Shoring Shield Conditions for Use	p. 386
Shoring Shield Size and Nomenclature	p. 389
Shoring Shield Manufacturing and Engineering	p. 392
Orthotropic Plate Design	p. 392
Shoring Shield Safety Issues	p. 404
Shoring Shield Plan by a Registered Engineer	p. 407
Manhole Boxes	p. 411
Manhole Box Safety Issues	p. 412
Aluminum Shields and Build-a-Box	p. 412
Aluminum Shields and Build-a-Box Safety Issues	p. 413
Arch Spreaders	p. 413
Arch Spreader Design and Tabulated Data	p. 414
Arch Spreader Safety Issues	p. 417
Slide Rail	p. 418
Slide Rail Use and Comparison to Pile Systems	p. 420
Slide Rail Components and Installation	p. 422
Slide Rail Use with Tabulated Data	p. 425
Slide Rail Design by a Registered Engineer	p. 427
Slide Rail Rebrace System	p. 430
Slide Rail Safety Issues	p. 432
References	p. 435
OSHA Subpart P, Excavations and Commentary	p. 437
OSHA Appendix A, Soil Classification and Commentary	p. 471
Index	p. 495
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Excavation Systems Planning, Design, and Safety

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