Experiments in Physiology

Laboratory manual is written in a workbook format to be easily used with any physiology text. Experiments are grouped in 23 teaching units including: lab reports, sample data, graphs, and enough experiments to be used in a semester-long course. Previous edition: c1997. Softcover, with three-hole punched perforated pages.

Preface

iii

To the Instructor

iii

To the Student

iv

Acknowledgements

v

Fundamental Physiological Principles

1

(8)

Units of Measurement

1

(1)

Concentration of Solutions

2

(3)

Acid-Base Balance

5

(4)

Movement Through Membranes

9

(12)

Diffusion

9

(1)

Osmosis

10

(1)

Tonicity

11

(1)

Cell Permeability

12

(9)

Renal Physiology

21

(12)

Kidney Regulation of Osmolarity

21

(1)

Urinalysis

22

(11)

Neuroanatomy and Resting Potential

33

(8)

Organization of the Nervous System

33

(1)

Spinal Nerves and Spinal Cord

33

(3)

Cranial Nerves

36

(1)

External Structures and Landmarks of the Brain

36

(1)

Sectioning of the Brain

37

(4)

Membrane Action Potentials

41

(14)

Resting and Action Potentials

41

(1)

Stimulation of Tissues

41

(1)

Oscilloscope

42

(1)

Sciatic Nerve Compound Action Potential

42

(13)

Reflex Functions and Synaptic Activity

55

(10)

Human Reflexes

55

(3)

Reaction Times

58

(1)

Synaptic Activity

59

(6)

Sensory Physiology I: Cutaneous, Hearing

65

(12)

Sensory Receptors

65

(1)

Cutaneous Receptors

65

(2)

Hearing

67

(10)

Sensory Physiology II: Vision

77

(14)

Functions of the Eye

77

(6)

Anatomy of the Eye

83

(2)

Ophthalmoscopy

85

(6)

Reproductive Physiology

91

(10)

Influence of Hormones on Reproduction

91

(2)

Testicular and Gonadotropic Hormones

93

(1)

Ovarian Hormones and Estrus Cycle

94

(2)

Pregnancy Tests

96

(5)

Digestion

101

(8)

Salivary Digestion of Carbohydrates

101

(1)

Gastric Digestion of Protein

102

(1)

Digestion of Fat with Pancreatic Lipase and Bile Salts

102

(7)

Smooth Muscle Motility

109

(4)

Responses of Intestinal and Uterine Segments

109

(4)

Insulin Regulation of Blood Glucose

113

(10)

Action of Glucose

113

(1)

Glucose Tolerance Test

114

(1)

Operation of the Glucometer II

115

(8)

Measurement of Metabolic Rate

123

(14)

Human Metabolism: Calorimetry

123

(3)

Relationship of Metabolism to Surface Area and Body Weight

126

(11)

Thyroid Function

137

(8)

Thyroid Effects on Metabolism

137

(2)

Thyroid Uptake of Iodine

139

(6)

Nerve-Muscle Activity

145

(22)

Dissection of Nerve-Muscle Preparation

145

(4)

Isolated Muscle Responses

149

(3)

Stimulation of Motor Points

152

(15)

Cardiac Function

167

(14)

Characteristics of Heart Contractility

167

(1)

Anatomy of Amphibian or Reptilian Heart

167

(1)

Physiology of Amphibian or Reptilian Heart

168

(13)

Human Cardiovascular Function

181

(14)

Auscultation of Heart Sounds

181

(1)

Measurement of Blood Pressure

182

(2)

Arterial Pulse Wave

184

(2)

Valves in the Veins

186

(1)

Electrocardiogram

186

(4)

Electrical Axis of the Heart

190

(5)

Respiratory Function

195

(10)

Respiratory Movements

195

(2)

Respiratory Volumes

197

(2)

Pulmonary Function Tests

199

(6)

Regulation of Circulation and Respiration

205

(6)

Instrumentation

205

(1)

Anesthetics for Rabbits

206

(5)

Blood Physiology I: Erythrocyte Functions

211

(14)

Functions of Blood

211

(1)

Blood Hematocrit

211

(1)

Hemoglobin Determination

212

(2)

Blood Cell Counting

214

(4)

Microcirculation

218

(7)

Blood Physiology II: Leukocytes, Blood Types, Hemostasis

225

(12)

Identification of White Blood Cells

225

(3)

Blood Typing

228

(4)

Blood Coagulation (Hemostasis)

232

(5)

Physical Fitness

237

(14)

Muscular Strength and Endurance

237

(1)

Flexibility

238

(1)

Body Composition

238

(4)

Cardiorespiratory Endurance (Aerobic Fitness)

242

(9)

Physiology of Exercise

251

(8)

Parameters Modified by Exercise

251

(8)

Appendix A: Precautions for Handling Blood

259

(2)

Appendix B: Solutions

261

(2)

Appendix C: Tables and Nomograms

263

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Experiments in Physiology

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials