Explosion Systems with Inert High-Modulus Components Increasing the Efficiency of Blast Technologies and Their Applications

Describes in one volume the data received during experiments on detonation in high explosive charges 

This book brings together, in one volume, information normally covered in a series of journal articles on high explosive detonation tests, so that developers can create new explosive technologies. It focuses on the charges that contain inert elements made of materials in which a sound velocity is significantly higher than a detonation velocity. It also summarizes the results of experimental, numerical, and theoretical investigations of explosion systems, which contain high modulus ceramic components. The phenomena occurring in such systems are described in detail: desensitization of high explosives, nonstationary detonation processes, energy focusing, and Mach stems formation. Formation of hypersonic flows of ceramic particles arising due to explosive collapse of ceramic tubes is another example of the issues discussed. 

Explosion Systems with Inert High Modulus Components: Increasing the Efficiency of Blast Technologies and Their Applications also looks at the design of explosion protective structures based on high modulus ceramic materials. The structural transformations, caused in metallic materials by the energy focusing, or by the impact of hypersonic ceramic jets are also discussed. These transformations include, but not limited to adiabatic shear banding, phase transformations, mechanical twinning, melting, boiling, and even evaporation of the impacted substrates.

• Specifically discusses in one volume the explosions involved with inert high modules components normally scattered over numerous journal articles 
• Covers methods to increase energy output of a weak explosive by encasing it in a higher explosive
• Discusses the specifics of explosive systems containing high modulus inert elements
• Details the process of detonation and related phenomena, as well as the design of novel highly performant explosive systems
• Describes the transformation in materials impacted due to explosion in such systems

Explosion Systems with Inert High Modulus Components will be of great interest to specialists working in fields of energy of the explosion and explosion safety as well as university staff, students, and postgraduate students studying explosion phenomena, explosive technologies, explosion safety, and materials science.

IGOR A. BALAGANSKY, DSc, is a professor working in the Gas Dynamic Impulse Devices Department of Novosibirsk State Technical University.

ANATOLIY A. BATAEV, DSc, is rector of Novosibirsk State Technical University and professor of Materials Science Department.

IVAN A. BATAEV, PHD, is an associate professor in the Material Science Department of Novosibirsk State Technical University.

Preface vii

1 Examples of Nonstationary Propagation of Detonation in Real Processes 1

1.1 Channel Effect 1

1.2 Detonation of Elongated High Explosive Charges with Cavities 4

1.3 The Effects of Wall and Shell Material, Having Sound Velocity Greater Than Detonation Velocity, on the Detonation Process 9

1.4 Summary 14

References 15

2 Phenomena in High Explosive Charges Containing Rod‐Shaped Inert Elements 17

2.1 “Smoothing” of Shock Waves in Silicon Carbide Rods 17

2.1.1 Experiments with Ceramic Rods 17

2.1.2 Numerical Simulation of Shock Wave Propagation in Silicon Carbide Rods 22

2.2 Desensitization of Heterogeneous High Explosives after Loading by Advanced Waves Passing Through Silicon Carbide Elements 26

2.2.1 The Experiments on Detonation Transmission 28

2.2.2 Modeling of the Detonation Transmission Process under Initiating Through Inert Inserts 33

2.3 The Phenomenon of Energy Focusing in Passive High Explosive Charges 37

2.3.1 Characterization of Steel Specimens Deformed in Experiments on Energy Focusing 39

2.3.2 Optical Recording in Streak Mode 43

2.3.3 Optical Recording in Frame Mode 46

2.3.4 Numerical Modeling of the Energy Focusing Phenomenon 51

2.4 Summary 52

References 54

3 Nonstationary Detonation Processes at the Interface between High Explosive and Inert Wall 59

3.1 Measurements with Manganin Gauges 60

3.2 Optical Recording in Streak Mode 64

3.3 Modeling of Detonation in High Explosive Charges Contacting with Ceramic Plates 68

3.4 Summary 76

References 77

4 Peculiar Properties of the Processes in High Explosive Charges with Cylindrical Shells 79

4.1 Nonstationary Detonation Processes in High Explosive Charges with Silicon Carbide Shells 79

4.2 Numerical Analysis of the Influence of Shells on the Detonation Process 93

4.3 Summary 101

References 106

5 Hypervelocity of Shaped Charge Jets 109

5.1 Experimental Investigation of Ceramic Tube Collapse by Detonation Products 110

5.2 Modeling of Jet Formation Process 115

5.3 The Effect of Hypervelocity Jet Impact against a Steel Target 123

5.4 Modeling of Fast Jet Formation under Explosion Collision of Two‐Layer Alumina/Copper Tubes 129

5.5 Summary 136

References 140

6 Protective Structures Based on Ceramic Materials 143

6.1 Detonation Transmission through Dispersed Ceramic Media 143

6.2 Applications of the Protective Properties of Ceramic Materials 149

6.3 Summary 151

References 151

7 Structure of the Materials Loaded Using Explosion Systems with High‐Modulus Components 155

7.1 Materials Behavior at High Strain Rate Loading 155

7.2 Postmortem Investigation of Materials Structure for Indirect Evaluation of Explosive Loading 164

7.3 Structure of Materials Loaded Under Conditions of Energy Focusing 169

7.4 Effect of High‐Velocity Cumulative Jets on Structure of Metallic Substrates 178

7.5 Summary 183

References 183

Conclusions 187

Appendix A Dynamic Properties of High‐Modulus Materials 193

Appendix B Methods Used to Investigate Explosion Systems Containing High‐Modulus Inert Materials 205

Index 211

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