Exporting the American Model The Postwar

Focusing on post-war France, West Germany and Italy, Djelic examines the influence of the American corporate model. She shows how the model fared in each country, meeting various degrees of success, resistance and adaptation.

Marie-Laure Djelic is Associate Professor in the Department of Human Resources Management at ESSEC (Ecole Superieure des Sciences Economiques et Commerciales), France. Her main research areas are business history, cross-cultural management, and organization design and change.

Acknowledgements

ix

List of Figures

xi

List of Tables

xii

List of Abbreviations

xiii

Introduction

1

(2)

National systems of industrial production: definition and comparison

3

(5)

Geopolitical embeddedness: a neglected dimension

8

(1)

Institutional constraints, actors, and networks: a theoretical framework

9

(5)

Comparative historical analysis: a methodological program

14

(5)

Part I: Cross-National Transfer: Structural Types

19

(46)

The American Structural Revolution Inventing the Corporate System of Industrial Production

23

(19)

Redefining the competitive environment: the `trust question'

24

(6)

Reinventing capitalist ownership: the corporate revolution

30

(4)

Reorganizing corporations: mass production and formalization

34

(8)

Stability of European Industries Preserving Structural Arrangements before 1939

42

(23)

Family capitalism in France: stability of the social order

42

(9)

Organized capitalism in Germany: checking competition

51

(14)

Part II: Cross-National Transfer: Conditions, Channels, and Actors

65

(64)

Crisis Inside, Dependence Outside Preconditions of a Cross-National Transfer

71

(23)

France: in search of a `Great Power' model

71

(8)

Occupied Germany: conditions for a controlled experiment

79

(7)

Italy: dependence and indifference

86

(8)

Actors and Institutional Channels Emergence of a Cross-National Modernizing Network

94

(35)

French technocrats and the modernization imperative

95

(8)

Americans in West Germany and the strategy of co-optation

103

(8)

American Marshall planners and the missionary spirit

111

(7)

Italy: the weak point of the cross-national network

118

(11)

Part III: Cross-National Transfer: Mechanisms

129

(94)

Voluntary Imitation Adopting the Corporate Model in France

135

(27)

Operating the French planning institutions

135

(8)

Launching and institutionalizing the productivity effort

143

(7)

Towards an integrated European market: the Schuman plan

150

(12)

From Coercion to Imitation Transplanting the Corporate Model to West Germany

162

(25)

Imposing a regulative framework to foster competition

163

(8)

Implementing the social market economy

171

(16)

From Control to Conversion Embedding the Corporate Model in Western Europe

187

(36)

Counterpart funds: a powerful control device

188

(13)

`Politics of productivity': towards conversion strategies

201

(22)

Part IV: Cross-National Transfer: National Limits

223

(48)

The Resistance of European Business Organized Opposition to Structural Transformations

227

(22)

German business and the issue of competition

228

(9)

French business and the issues of size and ownership structure

237

(12)

European Labor and Productivity Between All-Out War and Active Participation

249

(22)

Reshaping the labor scene in Western Europe

250

(2)

Communist labor in France and American imperialism

252

(3)

From participation to manipulation: 'free' labor in France

255

(3)

West German labor: choosing constructive collaboration

258

(3)

Communism and christian democracy in Italy: unlikely affinities

261

(10)

Concluding Remarks

271

(12)

Bibliography

283

(16)

Index

299

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Exporting the American Model The Postwar Transformation of European Business

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials