Extended Surface Heat Transfer

A much-needed reference focusing on the theory, design, and applications of a broad range of surface types. * Written by three of the best-known experts in the field. * Covers compact heat exchangers, periodic heat flow, boiling off finned surfaces, and other essential topics.

Allan D. Kraus, PhD, is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Akron, Ohio, and is principal associate at Allan D. Kraus Associates. Abdul Aziz, PhD, is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington James Welty, PhD, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Oregon State University in Corvallis

Preface

xiv

Convection with Simplified Constraints

1

(58)

Introduction

1

(5)

Extended Surface Heat Transfer

6

(4)

Longitudinal Fins

10

(15)

Radial Fins

25

(15)

Spines

40

(17)

Nomenclature

57

(2)

Convection with Real Constraints

59

(43)

Introduction

59

(1)

Fins with Tip Heat Loss

60

(21)

Nonuniform Heat Transfer Coefficients

81

(10)

Fins with Internal Heat Generation

91

(3)

Polygonal Fins

94

(5)

Closure

99

(1)

Nomenclature

99

(3)

Convective Optimizations

102

(58)

Introduction

102

(3)

Quest for the Optimum Profile

105

(4)

Optimum Shapes of Longitudinal Fins

109

(8)

Optimum Shapes of Radial Fins

117

(15)

Optimum Spine Dimensions

132

(6)

Improved Analyses for Convecting Fins

138

(19)

Closure

157

(1)

Nomenclature

158

(2)

Convection Coefficients

160

(60)

Introduction

160

(1)

Fluid Flow Considerations

161

(10)

Heat Transfer Considerations

171

(1)

Correlations for Forced Convection Heat Transfer

172

(18)

Natural Convection

190

(17)

Closure

207

(10)

Nomenclature

217

(3)

Linear Transformations

220

(24)

Introduction

220

(1)

Limitations of Fin Efficiency

221

(2)

Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile Revisited

223

(3)

Linear Transformation

226

(1)

Other Linear Transformations

226

(8)

Summary of All Conversions

234

(1)

Formal Development of the Linear Transformations

234

(4)

Example of Finding the Parameters

238

(2)

Input Admittance and the Thermal Transmission Ratio

240

(2)

Nomenclature

242

(2)

Elements of Linear Transformations

244

(64)

Introduction

244

(1)

Regular Fins and Spines

245

(45)

Singular Fins and Spines

290

(12)

The Single Series Resistance

302

(2)

The Single Shunt Conductance

304

(1)

Closure

305

(1)

Nomenclature

306

(2)

Algorithms for Finned Array Assembly

308

(29)

Introduction

308

(1)

Algorithms for the Combination of Fins

309

(20)

Cascade Algorithm and the Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient

329

(6)

Nomenclature

335

(2)

Advanced Array Methods and Array Optimization

337

(53)

Introduction

337

(1)

Multiple Heat Inputs

338

(4)

Node Analysis of Finned Arrays

342

(17)

General Analysis Method

359

(9)

Optimization of Finned Arrays

368

(7)

Optimum (Least Material) Arrays of Fins

375

(6)

Optimum Natural-Convection Heat Sinks

381

(6)

Nomenclature

387

(3)

Finned Passages

390

(53)

Introduction

390

(1)

Finned Passage

391

(1)

Input Admittance and the Fin Efficiency

391

(3)

Overall Passage Efficiency

394

(1)

Single Stack

394

(14)

Double Stack

408

(18)

n-Stack

426

(15)

Closure

441

(1)

Nomenclature

441

(2)

Compact Heat Exchangers

443

(46)

Introduction

443

(12)

Heat Transfer and Flow Friction Data

455

(2)

ε-Ntu Method

457

(16)

Design of a Compact Heat Exchanger

473

(13)

Nomenclature

486

(3)

Longitudinal Fin Double-Pipe Exchangers

489

(51)

Introduction

489

(1)

Plain Double-Pipe Exchanger

489

(5)

Longitudinal Fin Double-Pipe Exchanger

494

(9)

Heat Transfer Coefficients in Pipes and Annuli

503

(4)

Pressure Loss in Pipes and Annuli

507

(1)

Complete Design

508

(11)

Series-Parallel Arrangements

519

(11)

Multiple-Finned Double-Pipe Exchangers

530

(8)

Closure

538

(1)

Nomenclature

538

(2)

Transverse High-Fin Exchangers

540

(32)

Introduction

540

(2)

Bond or Contact Resistance of High-Fin Tubes

542

(7)

Fin Efficiency Approximation

549

(2)

Air-Fin Coolers

551

(18)

Nomenclature

569

(3)

Fins with Radiation

572

(64)

Introduction

572

(5)

Longitudinal Radiating Fin of Rectangular Profile

577

(17)

Longitudinal Radiating Fins of Trapezoidal and Triangular Profile

594

(8)

Use of the Cascade Algorithm

602

(3)

Longitudinal Radiating Fin with Constant-Temperature Gradient

605

(6)

Parabolic Radiating Profiles

611

(3)

Radial Radiating Fins

614

(19)

Closure

633

(1)

Nomenclature

633

(3)

Optimum Design of Radiating and Convecting-Radiating Fins

636

(63)

Introduction

636

(1)

Optimum Dimensions of Longitudinal Radiating Fins

636

(15)

Optimum Dimensions of Radiating Spines

651

(6)

Improved Optimization Analyses for Radiating Fins

657

(24)

Fin-to-Fin and Fin-to-Base Radiation Interchange

681

(5)

Optimum Dimensions of Longitudinal Convecting-Radiating Fins

686

(4)

Optimum Dimensions of Radial Radiating Fins

690

(5)

Miscellaneous Studies

695

(1)

Nomenclature

696

(3)

Multidimensional Heat Transfer in Fins and Fin Assemblies

699

(55)

Introduction

699

(1)

Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile with Convection

700

(17)

Convecting Longitudinal Fin of Triangular Profile

717

(4)

Convecting Cylindrical Spine or Pin Fin

721

(4)

Radial Rectangular Profile Convecting Fin

725

(6)

Composite Fins

731

(3)

Convecting Fin Assemblies

734

(9)

Radiating and Convecting-Radiating Fins and Fin Assemblies

743

(7)

Additional Studies

750

(1)

Nomenclature

751

(3)

Transient Heat Transfer in Extended Surfaces

754

(65)

Introduction

754

(1)

Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile

754

(20)

Radial Convecting Fin

774

(10)

Longitudinal Fins with Power Law Dissipation

784

(12)

Longitudinal Convecting-Radiating Fins

796

(3)

Two-Dimensional Effects and Transient Heat Flow

799

(6)

Composite Fins

805

(8)

Variable Heat Transfer Coefficient

813

(1)

Miscellaneous Studies

814

(2)

Closure

816

(1)

Nomenclature

816

(3)

Periodic Heat Flow in Fins

819

(25)

Introduction

819

(1)

Longitudinal Fin of Rectangular Profile

819

(20)

Radial Fin of Rectangular Profile

839

(2)

Additional Studies

841

(1)

Nomenclature

842

(2)

Boiling from Finned Surfaces

844

(36)

Introduction

844

(5)

Evaporation

849

(3)

Boiling

852

(11)

Performance of a Single Cylindrical Spine

863

(5)

Optimum Dimensions for the Cylindrical Spine

868

(2)

Minimum Mass Spine

870

(2)

Extended Surfaces in Moist Air

872

(5)

Nomenclature

877

(3)

Condensation on Finned Surfaces

880

(68)

Introduction

880

(4)

Condensation on Single Fins

884

(25)

Dehumidification of Air on Fins

909

(15)

Horizontal Integral-Fin Tubes

924

(15)

Internally Finned Tubes

939

(3)

Microfin Tubes

942

(2)

Nomenclature

944

(4)

Augmentation and Additional Studies

948

(23)

Augmentation

948

(7)

Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment

955

(4)

Heat Pipes

959

(1)

Solar Collectors and Related Equipment

959

(1)

Finned Regenerators

960

(1)

Numerical Analyses

960

(2)

Mathematical Techniques

962

(2)

Turbine Blades

964

(1)

Design Methods

965

(1)

Freezing or Melting on the Fin Faces

965

(1)

Heat and Mass Transfer

965

(1)

Miscellaneous Citations

966

(3)

Nomenclature

969

(2)

Appendix A: Gamma and Bessel Functions

971

(34)

Appendix B: Matrices and Determinants

1005

(29)

References

1034

(41)

Author Index

1075

(12)

Subject Index

1087

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Extended Surface Heat Transfer

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials