Facework : Bridging Theory and Practice

Written in a clear, engaging style Facework: Bridging Theory and Practice introduces a new paradigm that identifies facework as the key to communication within the management of difference. Authors Kathy Domenici and Stephen W. Littlejohn illustrate how facework is a central process in the social construction of both identity and community.Â Â

Preface

ix

Introduction

xi

PART I: THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF FACE

1

(60)

Chapter 1. Identity and Facework: A Theoretical Perspective

3

(24)

Accomplishing Identity

4

(6)

Identity and the Lifescript

6

(2)

The Coherent Identity

8

(1)

Dignity, Honor, and Respect

9

(1)

The Metaphor of Face

10

(7)

Face and Identity

12

(2)

How Is Face Created?

14

(3)

Constructing a Frame

17

(1)

Focus of Attention

17

(5)

Contexts of Action

22

(3)

Principles for Practice

25

(2)

Chapter 2. Creating an Environment of Constructive Facework: A Practical Perspective

27

(34)

Facework and the Communication Environment

28

(10)

Collaborative Communication

29

(2)

Process Management

31

(2)

Power Management

33

(3)

Safe Environment

36

(2)

Creating a Constructive Environment

38

(10)

Appropriate Self-Disclosure

38

(2)

Anxiety Management

40

(2)

Settings Conducive to Facework

42

(1)

Spatial Issues

42

(2)

Invitational Communication

44

(4)

Skills for Positive Facework

48

(10)

Listening

48

(2)

Acknowledging

50

(1)

Responding

51

(3)

Committing

54

(4)

Principles for Practice

58

(3)

PART II: REALMS OF PRACTICE

61

(58)

Chapter 3. Facework in the Personal Realm

63

(28)

Communication Acts

64

(12)

Face Consciousness and Person Centeredness

66

(1)

Presenting the Self

67

(2)

Building the Face of Others

69

(2)

Protecting the Face of Others

71

(2)

Threatening the Face of Others

73

(3)

Responding to Face Threats

76

(1)

Integrating Facework Into Conversation

76

(7)

Supportive Conversations

77

(2)

Facework in Conflict Situations

79

(4)

Episodes of Facework

83

(4)

The Gamelike Structure of Episodes

84

(2)

Rituals, Ceremonies, and Facework

86

(1)

Personal Face and the Lifescript

87

(3)

Principles for Practice

90

(1)

Chapter 4. Facework in the Relational Realm

91

(28)

Thinking About Relationships

92

(2)

Facework in the Relationship

94

(5)

Mutual Face

94

(1)

Personal Face in the Relationship

95

(2)

Facework and the Management of Contradiction

97

(2)

Communication Acts in the Relationship

99

(7)

Face Acts

99

(1)

Some Facework Dilemmas in Relationships

100

(3)

Emotion and Facework in Relationships

103

(2)

Facework Challenges for Managers and Employees

105

(1)

Conversations and Episodes of Relational Life

106

(10)

Relational Transgressions

106

(2)

Gossip

108

(1)

Social Support

108

(1)

Control in Relationships

109

(3)

Unwanted Repetitive Patterns

112

(3)

Conflict Patterns

115

(1)

The Relational Lifescript

116

(2)

Principles for Practice

118

(1)

PART III: FACEWORK AND THE SYSTEM

119

(52)

Chapter 5. Facework in the Community

121

(26)

Communication Acts in the Community

123

(3)

Community Conversations

126

(8)

How We Talk

126

(1)

Talking to Honor and Explore Differences

127

(1)

Talking to Inquire and Deliberate

128

(2)

Talking to Build a Future

130

(4)

Episodes in Building Community

134

(8)

Changing the Rules of Engagement

137

(2)

Breaking Old Patterns

139

(1)

Reframing the Episode

139

(3)

Lifescripts and the Community

142

(3)

Principles for Practice

145

(2)

Chapter 6. Cultural and Global Issues

147

(24)

The Culture of Facework

149

(12)

Cultural Forms of Facework

150

(4)

Special Issues of Culture

154

(3)

Intercultural Competency

157

(4)

Putting a Face on International Relations

161

(8)

People and Nations

161

(4)

Three Orientations: Enemy, Rival, Friend

165

(4)

Principles for Practice

169

(2)

PART IV: PRINCIPLED PRACTICE

171

(34)

Chapter 7. Toward a Practical Theory of Facework

173

(14)

Practical Theory

174

(1)

A Theory of Facework

175

(8)

Usefulness in Bringing a System Into View

176

(1)

Constructing Judgments About Situations

177

(2)

Implicating Action

179

(2)

Consequences That Improve the Situation

181

(2)

Facework as Transcendence

183

(1)

Putting Facework Into Practice in Uganda

184

(3)

Chapter 8. Guidelines From Artisans

187

(18)

Slogan 1: I'm Not Here to Call You a Thug

189

(5)

Honor Alternative Perspectives

189

(1)

Take a Risk

190

(2)

Hypothesize Freely

192

(1)

Create a Container

193

(1)

Slogan 2: Don't Open Presents in Front of Others

194

(2)

Slogan 3: The Ball Is Over the Fence

196

(4)

Slogan 4: It's a Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood

200

(4)

Doing Facework That Matters

204

(1)

References

205

(12)

Index

217

(8)

About the Authors

225

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Facework : Bridging Theory and Practice

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials