Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation

The aim of this series in early modern and modern European history is to publish outstanding works of research, addressed to important themes across a wide geographical range, from southern and central Europe, to Scandinavia and Russia, from the time of the Renaissance to the Second World War. As it develops, the series will comprise focused works of wide contextual range and intellectual ambition. Book jacket.

List of illustrations

viii

List of maps

xi

Foreword

xii

Acknowledgements

xiv

Note on the translation

xvi

List of abbreviations

xvii

Introduction

1

(8)

PART I THE TIME OF IDIOCY

Prologue: The conquered territories

9

(175)

1 Italo-German relations in Mediterranean Europe

17

(25)

From the Axis to the alliance with Germany

17

(4)

From the Pact of Steel to the end of the parallel war

21

(16)

The fear of Germany: the Fascists' perception of the Nazis

37

(5)

2 The New Mediterranean Order

42

(30)

The right to found an empire: the new civilization and Fascism's civilizing mission

44

(3)

Organization of the spazio vitale: the new order

47

(7)

The new economic order in the European territories of the imperial community

54

(3)

Albania and the colonial experience as blueprints for construction of the new order

57

(6)

The inhabitants of the imperial community

63

(9)

3 The discrepancy between Fascism's plans for domination and actual occupation

72

(37)

The territories annexed

72

(37)

4 Mussolini, the civil and military authorities and the co-ordination of occupation policies

109

(35)

Mussolini's role

109

(6)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs

115

(2)

The Italian Commission for Armistice with France

117

(4)

The administrative structures of the annexed territories: civil commissions, governorates and high commissions

121

(5)

The PNF

126

(2)

The civil and military courts

128

(1)

The Banca d'Italia

129

(1)

The Regio Esercito

130

(8)

Power conflicts

138

(6)

5 The conquerors

144

(40)

The aristocracy of the new civilization and the civilizing mission

145

(1)

The leaders of the revolution and the empire

146

(4)

The honour code of the Italian officer

150

(2)

The morale of the soldiers

152

(9)

Perceptions and relationships between conquerors and the conquered

161

(6)

The everyday lives of the conquerors and the impact on occupation policies

167

(12)

Relations with the German soldiers

179

(5)

PART II

6 Relations with the occupied countries

184

(42)

Croatia, an occupied ally

185

(18)

Greece

203

(7)

France

210

(16)

7 Economic valorization and the exploitation of the occupied territories

226

(32)

Long-term plans: 'valorization' of the imperial community

226

(5)

Short-term exploitation of the occupied territories

231

(2)

Greece

233

(10)

Croatia

243

(5)

France

248

(10)

8 The forced Italianization of the new provinces

258

(41)

Ascertaining eligibility for citizenship, denationalization, Fascistization and colonization

259

(17)

The Fascist economy in the annexed provinces

276

(14)

The forced Albanianization of the provinces of Kosovo and Debar

290

(9)

9 Collaboration

299

(33)

Collaboration in the annexed territories: Slovenia and Dalmatia

304

(4)

Croatia

308

(13)

Montenegro

321

(3)

Greece

324

(3)

France

327

(5)

10 Repression

332

(30)

The civilian internment camps: their locations and inmates

348

(3)

Notes on the camps for former Yugoslavian civilians: the concentration camp on the island of Arbe (Rab)

351

(4)

Notes on other civilian internment camps in the territories militarily occupied by the Second Army

355

(2)

The Italian concentration camps in Montenegro, Albania, Greece and France

357

(5)

11 Policy towards refugees and Jews

362

(46)

The refugee question

365

(3)

Italian policies towards Jews

368

(6)

The militarily occupied territories

374

(26)

Italiani brava gente?

400

(8)

Epilogue

408

(9)

Appendix

417

(47)

Archival sources

464

(9)

Bibliography

473

(24)

Index

497

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Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation during the Second World War

Summary

Table of Contents

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Fascism's European Empire: Italian Occupation during the Second World War

Summary

Table of Contents

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