- ISBN: 9781587789953 | 1587789957
- Cover: Paperback
- Copyright: 11/15/2007
Preface | p. iii |
The Corporate Double Tax | p. 1 |
Introduction and History | p. 1 |
Revenue Effects | p. 3 |
The Incidence of the Corporate Tax | p. 3 |
Integrating the Corporate and Individual Income Taxes | p. 7 |
Forming a Corporation | p. 17 |
Introduction | p. 17 |
Section 351: The Basics | p. 18 |
A Section 351 Roadmap | p. 20 |
"Property" Requirement | p. 22 |
What Constitutes a "Transfer" | p. 24 |
"Stock" Requirement | p. 25 |
Boot | p. 25 |
Assumption of liabilities | p. 26 |
The definition of "stock" | p. 32 |
Debt instruments | p. 34 |
Transferor's basis | p. 35 |
Treatment of the transferee | p. 38 |
"Control" Requirement | p. 43 |
The "Control" Group | p. 45 |
"Immediately After" | p. 46 |
The Relationship of Section 351 to Other Provisions and Legal Doctrines | p. 49 |
Section 351 vs. Sale | p. 49 |
Assignment of Income | p. 51 |
Business Purpose | p. 53 |
Tax Benefit Rule | p. 53 |
The Corporation as a Taxable Entity | p. 55 |
Corporate Tax Rates and Base | p. 55 |
Associations Taxable as Corporations | p. 59 |
Ignoring the Corporation: Dummy Corporations | p. 62 |
Ignoring the Corporation: Reallocation of Income and Related Issues | p. 64 |
The Passive Loss Limitations | p. 72 |
A Corporation's Capital Structure | p. 73 |
Cash and Property Distributions | p. 82 |
Introduction | p. 82 |
Earnings and Profits | p. 85 |
Relief From Dividends | p. 91 |
Treatment of the Distributing Corporation | p. 95 |
Effect of Property Distributions on Earnings and Profits | p. 102 |
Treatment of Shareholders | p. 104 |
Constructive Dividends | p. 105 |
Constructive Dividends and Corporate Shareholders | p. 111 |
"Fast pay" or "Stepped-down preferred" stock | p. 113 |
Redemptions | p. 116 |
Introduction | p. 116 |
Redemptions Taxed as Exchanges | p. 119 |
Complete Terminations | p. 119 |
Substantially Disproportionate Redemptions | p. 123 |
Redemptions Not Essentially Equivalent to a Dividend | p. 126 |
Partial Liquidations | p. 129 |
Redemptions to Pay Death Taxes | p. 132 |
Redemptions Taxed as Distributions | p. 133 |
Corporate-Level Taxation of Redemptions | p. 135 |
Redemptions Related to Other Transactions | p. 138 |
Redemptions for More or Less Than Fair Market Value | p. 143 |
Redemption Premiums | p. 143 |
Stock Surrenders | p. 145 |
Redemptions Through Related Corporations | p. 150 |
Stock Dividends | p. 157 |
Overview and History | p. 157 |
The General Rule of [section] 305(a) | p. 159 |
Exceptions to the General Rule Under [section] 305(b) | p. 160 |
Deemed Distributions Under [section] 305(c) | p. 166 |
Poison Pills | p. 168 |
Tainted Stock | p. 170 |
The Preferred Stock Bailout | p. 170 |
Definition of [section] 306 Stock | p. 171 |
Disposition of [section] 306 Stock | p. 174 |
Liquidations | p. 179 |
Introduction | p. 179 |
Section 331 Liquidations | p. 181 |
Treatment of the Shareholders | p. 181 |
Treatment of the Liquidating Distribution | p. 183 |
The Corporate Triple Tax | p. 191 |
Subsidiary Liquidations | p. 193 |
Treatment of the Parent-Corporation | p. 193 |
Treatment of the Subsidiary-Corporation | p. 195 |
Carryover of Tax Attributes | p. 197 |
Taxable Acquisitions | p. 199 |
Asset Purchases | p. 199 |
Stock Purchases | p. 202 |
Section 338 Elections | p. 203 |
Qualified Stock Purchases | p. 205 |
Election | p. 205 |
Operation of [section] 338 | p. 205 |
Adjustments for Liabilities | p. 208 |
Allocation of Basis | p. 208 |
Consistency Requirements and Deemed Elections | p. 208 |
Acquisition of a Subsidiary From a Consolidated Group | p. 210 |
Expenses in Connection with an Acquisition | p. 211 |
Corporate Acquisitions and the Use of Debt | p. 212 |
Stock Acquisitions out of Retained Earnings | p. 212 |
Debt Financed Stock Acquisitions and Leveraged Buyouts | p. 212 |
Risks of Excessive Corporate Debt | p. 214 |
Reorganizations | p. 217 |
Introduction | p. 217 |
Amalgamating Reorganizations: Definitions | p. 219 |
"A" Reorganizations | p. 219 |
"B" Reorganizations | p. 226 |
"C" Reorganizations | p. 229 |
Nondivisive "D" Reorganizations | p. 232 |
Parent/Subsidiary Combinations | p. 236 |
Multi-Step Reorganizations | p. 240 |
"G" Reorganizations | p. 242 |
The Status of Creditors in a Reorganization | p. 246 |
A Retrospective on the Rules of [section] 368 | p. 247 |
Amalgamating Reorganizations: Taxation | p. 249 |
Corporate-Level Taxation | p. 249 |
Shareholder-Level Taxation | p. 253 |
A Note on "Securities" | p. 260 |
Divisive Reorganizations | p. 262 |
Basic Requirements | p. 262 |
Taxation of Successful and Failed Divisions | p. 272 |
Divisive Reorganizations and Transfers of Control | p. 273 |
Alternatives to [section] 355 | p. 279 |
One-Party Reorganizations | p. 281 |
Combining Tax Attributes | p. 285 |
Introduction | p. 285 |
Section 381 | p. 286 |
Section 382 | p. 287 |
Ownership Changes | p. 289 |
Constructive Ownership | p. 290 |
Preferred Stock | p. 290 |
Options | p. 291 |
Continuity of Business | p. 291 |
Corporate Value | p. 291 |
Built-in Gain and Built-in Losses | p. 292 |
Section 383 | p. 292 |
Section 384 | p. 293 |
Section 269 | p. 294 |
Affiliated Corporations | p. 296 |
Eligibility for Filing | p. 297 |
Election to File a Consolidated Return and Other Accounting Considerations | p. 297 |
Computation of a Consolidated Return: In General | p. 298 |
Computation of a Consolidated Return: Intercompany Transactions | p. 298 |
Computation of a Consolidated Return: Intercompany Distributions | p. 300 |
Investment Basis Accounts and Excess Loss Accounts | p. 300 |
Limitations on Consolidated Reporting | p. 301 |
Penalty Provisions | p. 304 |
Introduction | p. 304 |
Accumulated Earnings Tax: Overview | p. 305 |
Accumulated Earnings Tax: Unreasonable Accumulations | p. 306 |
Accumulated Earnings Tax: Matching Earnings and Reasonable Needs | p. 308 |
Accumulated Earnings Tax: Burden of Proof | p. 309 |
Accumulated Earnings Tax: Computation of the Accumulated Earnings Tax | p. 310 |
Personal Holding Company Tax: Overview | p. 311 |
Personal Holding Company Tax: Stock Ownership Test | p. 312 |
Personal Holding Company Tax: Income Test | p. 312 |
Adjusted Ordinary Gross Income | p. 312 |
Personal Holding Company Income | p. 313 |
Personal Holding Company Tax: Computation | p. 316 |
S Corporations | p. 318 |
Introduction | p. 318 |
Qualification and Election | p. 319 |
One Class of Stock | p. 321 |
Formation | p. 324 |
Pass-Thru of Corporate Income and Deduction | p. 324 |
Shareholder Debt and Equity Basis; Loss Limitations | p. 327 |
Debt and Equity Basis | p. 327 |
At-Risk Rules and Passive Loss Limitations | p. 332 |
Pre-Contribution Appreciation and Related Problems | p. 334 |
Family Ownership and Section 1366(e) | p. 334 |
Nonliquidating Distributions | p. 335 |
Dispositions of Shares and Liquidating Distributions | p. 339 |
Disposition of Stock Not in Redemption | p. 339 |
Redemptions of Stock | p. 341 |
Liquidating Distributions | p. 342 |
Sales of Stock to a Corporate Purchaser | p. 342 |
Qualified Subchapter S Subsidiaries | p. 344 |
Transition Issues | p. 346 |
From C Corporation to S Corporation | p. 346 |
From S Corporation to C Corporation | p. 355 |
Table of Cases | p. 359 |
Index | p. 365 |
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