A Field Guide to the Trees and Shrubs of the

"For naturalists visiting the beautiful area of the Southern Appalachians, it is a detailed and useful guide to the amazing variety of trees, shrubs, and woody vines growing there." -- American Reference Books Annual

Preface

xi

Introduction and Terminology

1

(18)

The Structure of Woody Plants

5

(8)

Fruits

13

(1)

Poisonous Plants

14

(1)

Names of Plants

15

(1)

Classification

16

(1)

Habitat and Distribution

17

(1)

Measurements

17

(1)

Illustrations

17

(2)

The Keys

19

(6)

How to Use the Keys

21

(2)

Plants with Needlelike or Scalelike Leaves

23

(2)

Summer Keys

25

(26)

Plants with Opposite or Whorled Simple Leaves

27

(4)

Plants with Opposite or Whorled Compound Leaves

31

(1)

Plants with Alternate Simple Leaves

32

(15)

Plants with Alternate Compound Leaves

47

(4)

Winter Keys

51

(32)

Evergreen and Half-Evergreen Plants with Opposite or Whorled Leaves

53

(1)

Evergreen and Half-Evergreen Plants with Alternate Leaves

54

(2)

Deciduous Plants with Opposite or Whorled Leaf Scars

56

(5)

Deciduous Plants with Alternate Leaf Scars

61

(22)

Shortcuts to Identifying Some Woody Plants

83

(10)

Plants with Climbing Stems (Vines)

85

(1)

Plants with Milky Sap

86

(1)

Plants with Naked Catkins from Late Summer through All or Most of Winter

87

(1)

Terminal Buds Naked or at Least Appearing Naked

87

(1)

Buds long, Very Slender, and Sharply Pointed

88

(1)

Stems Bearing Thorns, Prickles, or Stiff Bristles

88

(1)

Stems Green or Red, or Green Beneath and Red on Side Facing Light

89

(1)

Stems and Often the Leaves Aromatic

90

(1)

Stems with Three or More Buds Clustered at Tips

91

(2)

Illustrated Descriptions of Genera and Species

93

(276)

Pine Family (Pinaceae)

95

(7)

Cypress Family (Cupressaceae)

102

(2)

Lily Family (Liliaceae)

104

(4)

Willow Family (Salicaceae)

108

(9)

Sweet Gale Family (Myricaceae)

117

(1)

Walnut Family (Juglandaceae)

117

(12)

Birch Family (Betulaceae)

129

(11)

Beech Family (Fagaceae)

140

(15)

Elm Family (Ulmaceae)

155

(6)

Mulberry Family (Moraceae)

161

(4)

Sandalwood Family (Santalaceae)

165

(1)

Mistletoe Family (Loranthaceae)

166

(1)

Birthwort Family (Aristolochiaceae)

166

(2)

Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)

168

(2)

Barberry Family (Berberidaceae)

170

(2)

Moonseed Family (Menispermaceae)

172

(2)

Magnolia Family (Magnoliaceae)

174

(5)

Calycanthus Family (Calycanthaceae)

179

(1)

Custard-apple Family (Annonaceae)

179

(3)

Laurel Family (Lauraceae)

182

(3)

Saxifrage Family (Saxifragaceae)

185

(7)

Witch-hazel Family (Hamamelidaceae)

192

(4)

Plane-tree Family (Platanaceae)

196

(1)

Rose Family (Rosaceae)

196

(34)

Legume Family (Leguminosae)

230

(14)

Rue Family (Rutaceae)

244

(1)

Quassia Family (Simaroubaceae)

245

(2)

Mahogany Family (Meliaceae)

247

(1)

Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae)

248

(7)

Holly Family (Aquifoliaceae)

255

(3)

Staff-tree Family (Celastraceae)

258

(5)

Bladdernut Family (Staphylaceae)

263

(1)

Maple Family (Aceraceae)

263

(9)

Horse-chestnut Family (Hippocastanaceae)

272

(3)

Buckthorn Family (Rhamnaceae)

275

(3)

Grape Family (Vitaceae)

278

(8)

Linden Family (Tiliaceae)

286

(3)

Mallow Family (Malvaceae)

289

(1)

Tea Family (Theaceae)

289

(3)

St. Johnswort Family (Hypericaceae)

292

(2)

Mezereum Family (Thymelaeaceae)

294

(1)

Oleaster Family (Elaeagnaceae)

294

(1)

Ginseng Family (Araliaceae)

295

(2)

Tupelo-Gum Family (Nyssaceae)

297

(2)

Dogwood Family (Cornaceae)

299

(4)

White-alder Family (Clethraceae)

303

(1)

Heath Family (Ericaceae)

303

(28)

Ebony Family (Ebenaceae)

331

(1)

Sweetleaf Family (Symplocaceae)

331

(2)

Storax Family (Styracaceae)

333

(2)

Olive Family (Oleaceae)

335

(6)

Dogbane Family (Apocynaceae)

341

(1)

Vervain Family (Verbenaceae)

341

(1)

Nightshade Family (Solanaceae)

342

(1)

Figwort Family (Scrophulariaceae)

343

(2)

Bignonia Family (Bignoniaceae)

345

(5)

Madder Family (Rubiaceae)

350

(2)

Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)

352

(17)

List of Trees and Shrubs Arranged according to Family

369

(14)

Glossary

383

(6)

References

389

(2)

Index

391

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A Field Guide to the Trees and Shrubs of the Southern Appalachians

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials