First Course in Electrode Processes

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ISBN: 9781847558930 | 1847558933
Cover: Paperback
Copyright: 1/1/2010

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This user friendly introduction highlights the importance of electrochemistry and its applications to the modern world and the future. In contrast to other texts currently available, it emphasises understanding and avoids using many pages of complex equations. It also describes the diverse applications of electrochemistry rather than focusing on analytical chemistry alone. A useful appendix contains problems with fully worked answers to test the reader's understanding.

An Introduction to Electrode Reactions	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Electrolysis Cells	p. 5
Simple Electron-transfer Reactions	p. 9
Equilibrium Potential	p. 9
Other Potentials	p. 13
Mass Transport	p. 19
Diffusion Only Conditions	p. 22
Convective-diffusion Conditions	p. 27
Interaction of Electron Transfer and Mass TransportP31
Reversible vs Irreversible Electrode Reactions	p. 33
Adsorption	p. 36
Study of Adsorption	p. 37
Why is Adsorption of Interest?	p. 38
Coupled Chemical Reactions	p. 39
Phase Formation and Growth	p. 44
Multiple Electron Transfer	p. 46
Summary	p. 46
Further Reading	p. 47
The Two Sides of the Interface	p. 48
Introduction	p. 48
Metals	p. 48
Bulk Structure and Properties	p. 48
Surface Structure	p. 50
Electrolyte Solution	p. 55
Solvent	p. 55
Electrolyte	p. 57
Reactant, Intermediates and Product	p. 61
Ion-permeable Membranes	p. 69
Further Reading	p. 72
The Interfacial Region	p. 73
Introduction	p. 73
Models of the Electrical Double Layer	p. 75
Adsorption of Organics	p. 80
Experimental Consequences of the Double Layer	p. 82
Charging Currents	p. 82
Electrode Kinetics	p. 84
Concluding Remarks	p. 85
Further Reading	p. 86
A further Look at Electron Transfer	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Formal Potential	p. 88
Kinetics of Electron Transfer	p. 89
Setting the Scene	p. 89
Absolute Rate Theory	p. 90
Fluctuating Energy Level Model for Electron Transfer	p. 95
Some Experimental Results	p. 99
Electron Transfer with Biomolecules	p. 101
Correction of Kinetic Parameters for Double Layer Effects	p. 103
Futher Reading	p. 105
More Complex Electrode Reactions	p. 107
Introduction	p. 107
Multiple Electron Transfer Reactions	p. 108
Hydrogen Evolution and Oxidation Reactions	p. 110
Mechanism I or II - Reaction A as the Rate-determining Step	p. 113
Mechanism I - Reaction B as the Rate-determining Step	p. 114
Mechanism II - Reaction C as the Rate-determining Step	p. 115
Oxygen Evolution and Reduction	p. 118
Other Reactions	p. 121
Electrocatalysis	p. 122
Further Reading	p. 126
Experimental Electrochemistry	p. 127
Introduction	p. 127
The Problems	p. 128
IR Drop	p. 128
Double Layer Charging Currents	p. 130
Electrical Noise	p. 131
Mass Transport Regime	p. 132
Solution Contamination	p. 133
A Reproducible Electrode Surface	p. 134
Instrumentation	p. 135
Components in Electrochemical Cells	p. 137
Working Electrode	p. 137
Counter Electrode	p. 140
Reference Electrode	p. 143
Electrolyte Solution	p. 143
Separators and Membranes	p. 144
Some Cell Designs	p. 145
What is Controlled?	p. 149
Further Reading	p. 153
Techniques for the Study of Electrode Reactions	p. 154
Introduction	p. 154
Steady State Techniques	p. 156
Electrolysis/Coulometry	p. 156
Steady State Current Density vs Potential	p. 159
Rotating Disc Electrodes (RDEs)	p. 159
Rotating Ring Disc Electrodes (RRDE)	p. 175
Non-steady State Techniques	p. 177
Potential Step Experiments	p. 178
Cyclic Voltammetry	p. 187
AC Impedance	p. 211
Microelectrodes	p. 214
Steady State Experiments	p. 215
Non-steady State Experiments	p. 216
Spectroelectrochemistry	p. 217
Further Reading	p. 220
Fuel Cells	p. 222
Introduction	p. 222
What is a Fuel Cell?	p. 223
Types of Fuel Cell	p. 226
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells	p. 226
Alkaline Fuel Cells	p. 229
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells	p. 230
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells	p. 230
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells	p. 231
H₂/O₂ PEM Fuel Cells	p. 232
Solid Polymer Electrolyte (Membrane)	p. 233
Cathode Catalyst	p. 235
Anode Catalyst	p. 236
Membrane Electrode Assemblies	p. 238
Bipolar Plate	p. 239
Fuel Cell Stack	p. 240
Revising the Electrochemistry	p. 240
PEM Fuel Cell Performance	p. 242
Commercial Developments	p. 247
Further Reading	p. 247
Improving the Environment	p. 248
Introduction	p. 248
Water Electrolysis	p. 250
Providing Clean Water	p. 253
Production of Fine Chemicals	p. 258
Removal of Metal Ions From Effluent	p. 262
Further Reading	p. 268
Problems and Solutions	p. 269
Problems	p. 269
Solutions	p. 281
Subject Index	p. 298
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First Course in Electrode Processes

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