Flesh and Blood Organ Transplantation and Blood Transfusion in 20th Century America

Organ transplantation is one of the most dramatic interventions in modernmedicine. Since the 1950s thousands of people have lived with 'new' hearts,kidneys, lungs, corneas, and other organs and tissues transplanted into theirbodies. From the beginning, though, there was simply a problem: surgeons oftenencountered shortages of people willing and able to give their organs andtissues. To overcome this problem, they often brokered financial arrangements.Yet an ethic of gift exchange coexisted with the 'commodification of the body'.The same duality characterized the field of blood transfusion, which wasessential to the development of modern surgery. This book will be the first to bring together the histories of bloodtransfusion and organ transplantation. It will show how these two fields redrewthe lines between self and non-self, the living and the dead, and humans andanimals. Drawing on newspapers, magazines, legal cases, films and the papers andcorrespondence of physicians and surgeons, Lederer will challenge theassumptions of some bioethicists and policymakers that popular fears about organtransplantation necessarily reflect timeless human concerns and preoccupationswith the body. She will show how notions of the body- intact, in parts, livingand dead- are shaped by the particular culture in which they areembedded.

Susan E. Lederer is the Robert Turell Professor of the History of Medicine and Bioethics at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, where she is the chair of the Department of Medical History and Bioethics. A historian of American medicine, she has written extensively on the history of animal and human experimentation. Her books include Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America Before the Second World War (1995), and Frankenstein: Penetrating the Secrets of Nature (Rutgers UP, 2002), and she was a contributor to The Human Radiation Experiments: Final Report of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (Oxford University Press, 1996).