Forest Conservation Policy

A one-of-a-kind introduction to the major issues and controversies dominating the heated debate over U.S. forest policy today.

Antony S. Cheng is on the faculty in the Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado.

Preface

xiii

The Conservation Movement and the Roots of U.S. Forest Policy

1

(22)

Forest Policy in an Era of Environmental Awareness

1

(3)

Historical Roots

4

(1)

Early Forest Laws

5

(1)

Forest Exploitation and Disposal of the Public Domain

6

(2)

Forest Reserves and the Awakening of a Conservation Ethic

8

(3)

Forest Management Policies in the National Forests

11

(5)

From Custodial Management to Intensive Use

11

(1)

Multiple-Use Forestry

12

(2)

Wilderness

14

(1)

The Clearcutting Controversy

15

(1)

Establishing Sustainable Forest Management on Private Lands

16

(4)

Evolution of the Forest Products Industry

17

(1)

Improving Management of Private Forests

18

(2)

Conclusion

20

(2)

References

22

(1)

Current Issues in U.S. Forest Policy

23

(94)

Sustainable Forest Management

24

(9)

Background

25

(2)

Recent Policy Developments

27

(5)

Conclusion

32

(1)

Conserving Biological Diversity

33

(8)

Background

33

(2)

Recent Policy Developments

35

(5)

Conclusion

40

(1)

Wilderness and Roadless Areas

41

(6)

Background

41

(3)

Recent Policy Developments

44

(1)

Conclusion

45

(2)

Forest Health

47

(6)

Background

47

(3)

Recent Policy Developments

50

(2)

Conclusion

52

(1)

Community Forestry

53

(9)

Background

54

(2)

Basic Elements of Community Forestry

56

(2)

Recent Policy Developments

58

(3)

Conclusion

61

(1)

Forestry Regulation on Private Lands

62

(12)

Background

62

(1)

First Generation: 1920-1950

62

(3)

Second Generation: 1970-1983

65

(5)

Third Generation: 1984-1995

70

(3)

Conclusion

73

(1)

Forest Land Conservation

74

(8)

Conservation of Public Forest Lands

75

(2)

Conservation of Corporate Forest Lands

77

(2)

Conservation of Family Forest Lands

79

(3)

Forest Management Certification

82

(7)

Background

83

(3)

Recent Policy Developments

86

(3)

Forests and Water

89

(5)

Background

89

(2)

Recent Policy Developments

91

(2)

Conclusion

93

(1)

Forests and Atmospheric Carbon

94

(7)

Background

94

(3)

Recent Policy Developments

97

(3)

Conclusion

100

(1)

Forest Biotechnology

101

(5)

Background

101

(2)

Recent Policy Developments

103

(1)

Conclusion

104

(2)

Emerging Issues and Future Policy Directions

106

(4)

Wood Supply in the Global Context

106

(2)

Forest Management as a Plus in Biodiversity Conservation

108

(1)

Putting U.S. Forest Policy in the Global Context

109

(1)

References

110

(7)

Chronology

117

(14)

Personalities

131

(12)

Bolle, Arnold (1912-1993)

131

(1)

Church, Frank (1924-1984)

131

(1)

Dana, Samuel Trask (1883-1978)

132

(1)

Dwyer, William (1929-2002)

132

(1)

Fernow, Bernhard (1851-1923)

132

(1)

Franklin, Jerry (1936- )

133

(1)

Gordon, John (1939- )

133

(1)

Graves, Henry (1871-1951)

133

(1)

Hough, Franklin (1822-1885)

134

(1)

Humphrey, Hubert (1911-1978)

134

(1)

Ickes, Harold (1874-1952)

134

(1)

Johnson, K. Norman (1942- )

135

(1)

Leopold, Aldo (1886-1948)

135

(1)

Marsh, George Perkins (1801-1882)

135

(1)

Marshall, Robert (1901-1939)

136

(1)

Mather, Stephen (1867-1930)

136

(1)

McGuire, John (1916-2002)

136

(1)

Muir, John (1838-1914)

136

(1)

Murie, Olaus (1889-1963)

137

(1)

Olmsted, Frederick Law (1822-1903)

137

(1)

Pack, Charles Lathrop (1857-1937)

137

(1)

Peterson, Max (1927- )

137

(1)

Pinchot, Gifford (1865-1946)

138

(1)

Powell, John Wesley (1834-1902)

138

(1)

Roosevelt, Theodore (1858-1919)

139

(1)

Sargent, Charles Sprague (1841-1927)

139

(1)

Schenck, Carl (1868-1955)

139

(1)

Thomas, Jack Ward (1934- )

139

(1)

Udall, Morris (1922-1988)

140

(1)

Weyerhaeuser, Frederick (1834-1912)

140

(1)

Weyerhaeuser, Frederick E. (1872-1945)

140

(1)

Zahniser, Howard (1906-1964)

141

(1)

Zon, Raphael (1887-1957)

141

(2)

Forest Facts and Data

143

(40)

Forest Ecoregions in the United States

144

(1)

Forest Area, Production, and Trade Information

145

(1)

Ownership of U.S. Forests

146

(1)

Federal Public Forest System

147

(6)

The National Forest System

148

(3)

Bureau of Land Management

151

(2)

National Park System

153

(1)

The National Wilderness Preservation System

153

(1)

State and County Forest Lands

153

(1)

Private Forest Lands

154

(3)

Forest Industry

154

(1)

Timber Investment Management Organizations

155

(1)

Nonindustrial Private Forests

155

(2)

Tribal Forests

157

(1)

Conditions and Trends in U.S. Forests

158

(3)

The Montreal Process

161

(10)

Criterion 1 through 6

162

(6)

Criterion 7

168

(3)

Forest Certification Principles and Standards

171

(8)

SmartWood

171

(2)

Scientific Certification Systems

173

(2)

The Sustainable Forestry Initiative

175

(1)

American Tree Farm System Standards

176

(3)

References

179

(4)

Directory of U.S. Forestry Organizations

183

(56)

Federal and International Government Organizations

183

(7)

State Organizations

190

(7)

Nongovernment Conservation Organizations

197

(23)

Society of American Foresters Accredited Forestry Schools

220

(7)

Forest Products Companies

227

(2)

Forestry Trade Associations

229

(3)

Forestry Professional Associations

232

(2)

Other Forestry-Related Associations

234

(5)

Print Resources

239

(26)

General Forestry and Forest Conservation Books and Reports

240

(3)

U.S. Forest Policy Books and Reports

243

(5)

U.S. Forest History

248

(2)

International Forestry and Forest Conservation

250

(2)

Scientific Journals

252

(13)

Nonprint Resources

265

(12)

Information Clearinghouses on the Web

265

(2)

Online Reports, Maps, and Information

267

(3)

Videos

270

(3)

Nonprint Resources from Various States

273

(4)

Glossary

277

(16)

Index

293

(28)

About the Authors

321

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Forest Conservation Policy

Summary

Author Biography

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials