Formal Methods Industrial Use from Model to the Code
, by Boulanger, Jean-louis- ISBN: 9781848213623 | 184821362X
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 6/18/2012
| Introduction | p. xi |
| From Classic Languages to Formal Methods | p. 1 |
| Introduction | p. 1 |
| Classic development | p. 2 |
| Development process | p. 2 |
| Coding | p. 6 |
| Specification and architecture | p. 18 |
| Verification and validation (V&V) | p. 27 |
| Summary | p. 33 |
| Structured, semi-formal and/or formal methods | p. 33 |
| E/E/PE system | p. 33 |
| Rail sector | p. 35 |
| Taking into account techniques and formal methods | p. 36 |
| Formal methods | p. 39 |
| Principles | p. 39 |
| Examples of formal methods | p. 39 |
| Conclusion | p. 45 |
| Bibliography | p. 49 |
| Formal Method in the Railway Sector the First Complex Application: Salet-Meteor | p. 55 |
| Introduction | p. 55 |
| About Saet-Meteor | p. 56 |
| Decomposition of the Saet-Meteor | p. 57 |
| Anticollision functions | p. 61 |
| Restrictions | p. 62 |
| The supplier realization process | p. 62 |
| Historical context | p. 62 |
| The hardware aspect | p. 64 |
| The software aspect | p. 67 |
| Assessment of the processes | p. 78 |
| Process of verification and validation set up by RATP | p. 78 |
| Context | p. 78 |
| RATP methodology | p. 79 |
| Verification carried out by RATP | p. 79 |
| Validation | p. 103 |
| Assessment of RATP activity | p. 112 |
| Assessment of the global approach | p. 114 |
| Conclusion | p. 115 |
| Appendix | p. 116 |
| Object of the track | p. 116 |
| Block logic | p. 120 |
| Bibliography | p. 122 |
| The B Method and B Tools | p. 127 |
| Introduction | p. 127 |
| The B method | p. 128 |
| The concept of abstract machines | p. 128 |
| Machines with implementations | p. 133 |
| Verification and validation (V&V) | p. 137 |
| Internal verification | p. 137 |
| B tools | p. 141 |
| General principles | p. 141 |
| Code generation | p. 142 |
| Prover | p. 142 |
| Atelier B | p. 144 |
| Methodology | p. 146 |
| Layered development | p. 146 |
| Link between the project structure and the POs | p. 148 |
| Cycle of development of a B project | p. 148 |
| Feedback | p. 150 |
| Some figures | p. 150 |
| Some users | p. 151 |
| Conclusion | p. 155 |
| Bibliography | p. 155 |
| Model-Based Design Using Simulink - Modeling, Code Generation, Verification, and Validation | p. 159 |
| Introduction | p. 159 |
| Embedded software development using Model-Based Design | p. 162 |
| Case study - an electronic throttle control system | p. 164 |
| System overview | p. 164 |
| Simulink® model | p. 164 |
| Automatic code generation | p. 169 |
| Code optimization | p. 170 |
| Fixed-point code | p. 170 |
| Including legacy code | p. 172 |
| Importing interface definitions | p. 172 |
| Importing algorithms | p. 173 |
| Verification and validation of models and generated code | p. 173 |
| Integrating verification and validation with Model-Based Design | p. 173 |
| Design verification | p. 175 |
| Reviews and static analyses at the model level | p. 175 |
| Module and integration testing at the model level | p. 175 |
| Code verification | p. 176 |
| Back-to-back comparison testing between model and code | p. 176 |
| Measures to prevent unintended functionality | p. 176 |
| Compliance with safety standards | p. 177 |
| Conclusion | p. 178 |
| Bibliography | p. 178 |
| Proving Global Properties with the Aid of the Simulink Design Verifier Proof Tool | p. 183 |
| Introduction | p. 183 |
| Formal proof or verification method | p. 184 |
| Model verification | p. 186 |
| Formal methods and proof of correction | p. 189 |
| Combining models and proof tools | p. 192 |
| Implementation of the Simulink Design Verifier tool | p. 193 |
| Reminders of the Matlab modeling and verification environment | p. 194 |
| Case study | p. 201 |
| Modeling | p. 204 |
| Modeling | p. 211 |
| Experience feedback and methodological aspects | p. 211 |
| Modeling rules and convergence control | p. 211 |
| Modular proof phase | p. 213 |
| Proof of global properties | p. 214 |
| Detection of counterexamples | p. 217 |
| Study case feedback and conclusions | p. 218 |
| Simulink Model | p. 218 |
| Proofs achieved | p. 218 |
| Incremental verification approach | p. 220 |
| Contributions of the methodology compared with the EN50128 normative referential | p. 220 |
| Bibliography | p. 222 |
| SCADE: Implementation and Applications | p. 225 |
| Introduction | p. 225 |
| Issues of embedded safety-critical software | p. 225 |
| Characteristics of embedded safety-critical software | p. 225 |
| Architecture of an embedded safety-critical application | p. 226 |
| Critically and normative requirements for embedded safety-critical applications | p. 226 |
| Complexity, cost and delays | p. 227 |
| Origins of Scade | p. 228 |
| Introduction | p. 228 |
| Initial industrial approaches | p. 228 |
| "Real-time" extensions of current languages | p. 230 |
| Synchronous formal languages dedicated to "real-time" created in laboratories | p. 230 |
| Birth of SCADE | p. 231 |
| The SCADE data-flow language | p. 231 |
| Introduction | p. 231 |
| Synchronous language | p. 232 |
| "Data-flow" functional language | p. 233 |
| Scalar data types | p. 234 |
| Structured data types | p. 235 |
| Clocks, temporal operators, and causality | p. 235 |
| Selectors | p. 237 |
| Imperative structures | p. 238 |
| Rigor and functional safety | p. 239 |
| Conclusion: extensions of languages for controllers and iterative processing | p. 240 |
| Objectives | p. 240 |
| Control flow | p. 241 |
| Iterative processing | p. 243 |
| The SCADE system | p. 246 |
| Outline of the SCADE Workbench | p. 246 |
| Model verification | p. 247 |
| Performance prediction | p. 252 |
| The qualified code generator | p. 253 |
| Application of SCADE in the aeronautical industry | p. 256 |
| History: Aérospatiale and Thales Avionique | p. 256 |
| Control/command type applications | p. 257 |
| Monitoring/alarm type applications | p. 260 |
| Navigation systems | p. 261 |
| Application of SCADE in the rail industry | p. 261 |
| First applications | p. 262 |
| Applications developed for the RATP and other French metros | p. 262 |
| Generic PAI-NG applications | p. 263 |
| Example of automated door control | p. 264 |
| Application of SCADE in the nuclear and other industries | p. 265 |
| Applications in the nuclear industry | p. 265 |
| Deployment of SCADE in the civil nuclear industry | p. 268 |
| Conclusion | p. 269 |
| Bibliography | p. 270 |
| GATeL: A V&V Platform for SCADE Models | p. 273 |
| Introduction | p. 273 |
| SCADE language | p. 275 |
| GATeL prerequisites | p. 276 |
| GATeL kernel | p. 277 |
| Example | p. 278 |
| Assistance in the design of test selection strategies | p. 279 |
| Unfolding of SCADE operators | p. 279 |
| Functional scenarios | p. 281 |
| Performances | p. 283 |
| Conclusion | p. 284 |
| Bibliography | p. 285 |
| ControlBuild, a Development Framework for Control Engineering | p. 287 |
| Introduction | p. 287 |
| Development of the control system | p. 289 |
| ERTMS | p. 290 |
| Development process equipment | p. 291 |
| A component-based approach | p. 293 |
| Development methodology | p. 294 |
| Formalisms used | p. 300 |
| Assembly editor | p. 301 |
| IEC1 131-3 languages for embedded control | p. 302 |
| Electrical schematics for conventional control | p. 309 |
| Electromechanical and physical environment | p. 311 |
| Safety arrangements | p. 311 |
| Metrics | p. 313 |
| Assertions | p. 314 |
| Automatic test procedure execution | p. 314 |
| Functional tests | p. 315 |
| Code coverage | p. 315 |
| SSIL2 code generation | p. 315 |
| Management of the project documentation | p. 316 |
| Traceability of requirements | p. 317 |
| Examples of railway use cases | p. 318 |
| Specification validation | p. 318 |
| TCMS development | p. 319 |
| Progressive integration bench - HiL | p. 320 |
| Conclusion | p. 323 |
| Bibliography | p. 323 |
| Conclusion | p. 325 |
| Introduction | p. 325 |
| Problems | p. 326 |
| Summary | p. 327 |
| Model verification | p. 327 |
| Properties and requirements | p. 328 |
| Implementation of formal methods | p. 330 |
| Implementing formal methods | p. 332 |
| Conventional process | p. 332 |
| Process accounting for formal methods | p. 333 |
| Problems | p. 335 |
| Realization of a software application | p. 337 |
| Conclusion | p. 339 |
| Bibliography | p. 340 |
| Glossary | p. 345 |
| List of Authors | p. 351 |
| Index | p. 353 |
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