Fuel Processing For Fuel Cells
, by Kolb, Gunther- ISBN: 9783527315819 | 3527315810
- Cover: Hardcover
- Copyright: 5/5/2008
Acknowledgement | p. ix |
Introduction and Outline | p. 1 |
Fundamentals | p. 3 |
Common Fossil Fuels | p. 3 |
Basic Definitions, Calculations and Legislation | p. 6 |
The Various Types of Fuel Cells and the Requirements of the Fuel Processor | p. 12 |
PEM Fuel Cells | p. 12 |
High Temperature Fuel Cells | p. 15 |
The Chemistry of Fuel Processing | p. 17 |
Steam Reforming | p. 17 |
Partial Oxidation | p. 22 |
Oxidative Steam Reforming or Autothermal Reforming | p. 29 |
Catalytic Cracking of Hydrocarbons | p. 38 |
Pre-Reforming of Higher Hydrocarbons | p. 39 |
Homogeneous Plasma Reforming of Higher Hydrocarbons | p. 43 |
Aqueous Reforming of Bio-Fuels | p. 44 |
Processing of Alternative Fuels | p. 44 |
Dimethyl Ether | p. 44 |
Methylcyclohexane | p. 45 |
Sodium Borohydride | p. 45 |
Ammonia | p. 46 |
Desulfurisation | p. 46 |
Carbon Monoxide Clean-Up | p. 48 |
Water-Gas Shift | p. 48 |
Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide | p. 49 |
Methanation | p. 51 |
Catalytic Combustion | p. 52 |
Coke Formation on Metal Surfaces | p. 52 |
Catalyst Technology for Distributed Fuel Processing Applications | p. 57 |
A Brief Introduction to Catalyst Technology and Evaluation | p. 57 |
Catalyst Activity | p. 58 |
Catalyst Stability | p. 60 |
Catalyst Coating Techniques | p. 62 |
Specific Features Required for Fuel Processing Catalysts in Smaller Scale Applications | p. 68 |
Reforming Catalysts | p. 69 |
Catalysts for Methanol Reforming | p. 72 |
Catalysts for Ethanol Reforming | p. 77 |
Overview of Catalysts for Hydrocarbon Reforming | p. 80 |
Catalysts for Natural Gas/Methane Reforming | p. 81 |
Catalysts for Reforming of LPG | p. 84 |
Catalysts for Pre-Reforming of Hydrocarbons | p. 86 |
Catalysts for Gasoline Reforming | p. 88 |
Catalysts for Diesel and Kerosene Reforming | p. 92 |
Cracking Catalysts | p. 96 |
Deactivation of Reforming Catalysts by Sintering | p. 98 |
Deactivation of Reforming Catalysts by Coke Formation | p. 98 |
Deactivation of Reforming Catalysts by Sulfur Poisoning | p. 101 |
Catalysts for Hydrogen Generation from Alternative Fuels | p. 105 |
Dimethyl Ether | p. 105 |
Methylcyclohexane | p. 106 |
Sodium Borohydride | p. 107 |
Ammonia | p. 107 |
Desulfurisation Catalysts/Adsorbents | p. 108 |
Carbon Monoxide Clean-Up Catalysts | p. 111 |
Catalysts for Water-Gas Shift | p. 111 |
Catalysts for the Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide | p. 116 |
Methanation Catalysts | p. 123 |
Combustion Catalysts | p. 124 |
Fuel Processor Design Concepts | p. 129 |
Design of the Reforming Process | p. 129 |
Steam Reforming | p. 129 |
Partial Oxidation | p. 146 |
Autothermal Reforming | p. 149 |
Catalytic Cracking | p. 154 |
Pre-Reforming | p. 155 |
Design of the Carbon Monoxide Clean-Up Devices | p. 155 |
Water-Gas Shift | p. 155 |
Preferential Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide | p. 161 |
Selective Methanation of Carbon Monoxide | p. 164 |
Membrane Separation | p. 164 |
Pressure Swing Adsorption | p. 174 |
Aspects of Catalytic Combustion | p. 176 |
Design of the Overall Fuel Processor | p. 181 |
Overall Heat Balance of the Fuel Processor | p. 181 |
Interplay of the Different Fuel Processor or Components | p. 188 |
Overall Water Balance of the Fuel Processor | p. 190 |
Overall Basic Engineering of the Fuel Processor | p. 192 |
Dynamic Simulation of the Fuel Processor | p. 205 |
Control Strategies for Fuel Processors | p. 213 |
Comparison with Conventional Energy Supply Systems | p. 215 |
Types of Fuel Processing Reactors | p. 217 |
Fixed-Bed Reactors | p. 217 |
Monolithic Reactors | p. 217 |
Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors | p. 221 |
Conventional Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors | p. 223 |
Microstructured Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors | p. 225 |
Application of Fuel Processing Reactors | p. 227 |
Reforming Reactors | p. 227 |
Reforming in Fixed-Bed Reactors | p. 227 |
Reforming in Monolithic Reactors | p. 230 |
Reforming in Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors | p. 240 |
Reforming in Membrane Reactors | p. 254 |
Reforming in Chip-Like Microreactors | p. 260 |
Plasmatron Reformers | p. 264 |
Water-Gas Shift Reactors | p. 269 |
Water-Gas Shift in Monolithic Reactors | p. 269 |
Water-Gas Shift in Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors | p. 270 |
Water-Gas Shift in Membrane Reactors | p. 272 |
Catalytic Carbon Monoxide Fine Clean-Up | p. 272 |
Carbon Monoxide Fine Clean-Up in Fixed-Bed Reactors | p. 272 |
Carbon Monoxide Fine Clean-Up in Monolithic Reactors | p. 273 |
Carbon Monoxide Fine Clean-Up in Plate Heat-Exchanger Reactors | p. 275 |
Carbon Monoxide Fine Clean-Up in Membrane Reactors | p. 282 |
Membrane Separation Devices | p. 283 |
Catalytic Burners | p. 285 |
Balance-of-Plant Components | p. 289 |
Heat-Exchangers | p. 289 |
Liquid Pumps | p. 290 |
Blowers and Compressors | p. 290 |
Feed Injection System | p. 292 |
Insulation Materials | p. 293 |
Complete Fuel Processor Systems | p. 295 |
Methanol Fuel Processors | p. 295 |
Ethanol Fuel Processors | p. 316 |
Natural Gas Fuel Processors | p. 317 |
Fuel Processors for LPG | p. 317 |
Gasoline Fuel Processors | p. 332 |
Diesel and Kerosine Fuel Processors | p. 344 |
Multi-Fuel Processors | p. 348 |
Fuel Processors Based on Alternative Fuels | p. 350 |
Introduction of Fuel Processors into the Market Place -Cost and Production Issues | p. 355 |
Factors Affecting the Cost of Fuel Processors | p. 355 |
Production Techniques for Fuel Processors | p. 359 |
Fabrication of Ceramic and Metallic Monoliths | p. 359 |
Fabrication of Plate Heat-Exchangers/Reactors | p. 361 |
Fabrication of Microchannels | p. 365 |
Fabrication of Chip-Like Microreactors | p. 367 |
Fabrication of Membranes for Hydrogen Separation | p. 369 |
Automated Catalyst Coating | p. 370 |
References | p. 373 |
Index | p. 409 |
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