Fundamentals of Internet of Things For Students and Professionals

Fundamentals of Internet of Things: For Students and Professionals teaches the principles of IoT systems. It employs a systematic approach to explain IoT architecture models and their layers. The textbook is arranged based on various layers of an architecture model. For readers who are unfamiliar with the concept of data communication and networks, the first chapter of this book covers the fundamentals of data communication and networks. It can also be used as review material for those who are already familiar with the concept.

The book begins with many examples of IoT use cases to show readers how IoT can be applied to various IoT verticals. The concept of smart sensors is then described, as well as their applications in the IoT ecosystem. Because internet connectivity is an essential part of any IoT system, the book explores wired and wireless connectivity schemes including cellular IoT in the 4G and 5G eras. IoT protocols, analytics, as well as IoT security and privacy are important topics that are explained in this book with simple explanations. The last chapter of this book is dedicated to IoT solution development. IoT is one of the most rapidly evolving technologies today, and there is no better guide to this rapidly expanding sector than Fundamentals of Internet of Things (IoT) for Students and Professionals.

Features:

• Simple explanations of complex concepts
• More than 300 exercise problems and advanced exercise questions
• Provided solutions for the exercise problems
• 10 practical IoT projects

John Dian, PhD, is a faculty member in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the British Columbia Institute of Technology in Vancouver, Canada. He is a Senior Member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and has over 20 years’ experience designing and implementing telecommunication circuits and systems.

Data Communication & Networks            1

1.1          Introduction       1

1.2          OSI model           4

1.3          Header encapsulation    11

1.4          Layer 2- Ethernet             12

1.5          Layer 3- IP           14

1.6          Layer 4- TCP and UDP     22

1.7          TCP/IP networking model             30

1.8          Internetworking devices               31

1.9          Summary             35

Introduction to IoT          40

2.1          Introduction       40

2.2          IoT traffic model               42

2.3          IoT connectivity 43

2.4          IoT verticals, use cases and applications 45

2.5          IoT value chain  47

2.6          Examples of IoT use cases and applications           49

2.7          IoT project implementation         60

2.8          IoT standards     60

2.9          Summary             61

IoT Architecture               65

3.1          Introduction       65

3.2          Factors affecting an IoT architectural model         66

3.3          IoT architectural model 67

3.4          IoTWF Architectural Model          68

3.5          Data center and cloud    72

3.6          Computing (cloud, fog, and edge)             75

3.7          Summary             79

IoT Sensors         82

4.1          Introduction       82

4.2          Sensors and its performance metrics       83

4.3          Smart sensors   90

4.4          MEMS   91

4.5          Sensor fusion     93

4.6          Self calibration   94

4.7          Sensors of the future      95

4.8          Summary             96

IoT Wired Connectivity  100

5.1          Introduction       100

5.2          Ethernet              101

5.3          Ethernet TSN     104

5.4          Power Line Communications (PLC)           111

5.5          Summary             117

Unlicensed-band wireless IoT     121

6.1          Introduction       121

6.2          Zigbee wireless network               122

6.3          BLE wireless network     125

6.4          WiFi wireless network   130

6.5          LoRaWAN wireless wide area network    134

6.6          Summary             137

Cellular IoT Technologies              142

7.1          Introduction       142

7.2          EC-GSM-IoT       143

7.3          LTE-based cellular IoT technologies          144

7.4          Practical use cases           155

7.5          CIoT Frequency bands   157

7.6          Certification       159

7.7          CIoT modules    161

7.8          AT commands   164

7.9          Summary             165

CIoT Features    171

Low-Power Consumption Schemes          173

8-1.1      Introduction       173

8-1.2      Power saving techniques in 3GPP Release 13        173

8-1.3      Power saving techniques in 3GPP Release 14        178

8-1.4      Power saving techniques in 3GPP Release 15        179

8-1.5      Power consumption for various use cases             180

8-1.6      Summary             184

Uplink Access    187

8-2.1      Introduction       187

8-2.2      Random access process 188

8-2.3      RA advancements           194

8-2.4      Summary             196

Positioning          199

8-3.1      Introduction       199

8-3.2      LTE positioning  201

8-3.3      Positioning architecture for LTE IoT          206

8-3.4      RSTD measurement performance             208

8-3.5      PRS signals          208

8-3.6      RSTD error sources          211

8-3.7      Summary             212

Mobility               216

8-4.1      Introduction       216

8-4.2      Mobility               217

8-4.3      NB-IoT Mobility 225

8-4.4      LTE-M Mobility  226

8-4.5      Summary             226

IoT Data Communication Protocols           230

9.1          Introduction       230

9.2          HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)         231

9.3          Message Queue Telemetry Transport Protocol (MQTT)   233

9.4          Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)               240

9.5          Other IoT protocols         243

9.6          Summary             244

IoT in 5G era       248

10.1        Introduction       248

10.2        5G vision              249

10.3        5G’s main application areas         251

10.4        5G implementations and features            252

10.5        Summary             258

IoT and Analytics              261

11.1        Introduction       261

11.2        Data Pipeline     263

11.3        AI            264

11.4        Machine Learning            265

11.5        Supervised Machine Learning Techniques             267

11.6        Unsupervised Machine Learning Techniques       287

11.7        Deep Learning Techniques           288

11.8        Summary            297

IoT Security and Privacy 303

12.1        Introduction       303

12.2        IoT Threats         304

12.3        IoT Vulnerabilities            306

12.4        IoT Threat modeling and risk       309

12.5        IoT Security regulations 314

12.6        IoT Privacy concerns and regulations       315

12.7        IoT Security and privacy examples            317

12.8        Threat Protection methods         320

12.9        IoT and Blockchain           330

12.10     Summary             335

IoT Solution developments          340

13.1        Introduction       340

13.2        IoT solution development methodology 341

13.3        Detailed about IoT solution development             343

13.4        Change management     350

13.5        Summary             351

Practical Assignments    355

Assignment #1: IoT data transmission to the cloud            356

Assignment #2: Building a battery-powered vision-based system 358

Assignment #3: Configure LTE-M module using AT commands      360

Assignment #4: Connecting to an MQTT broker  362

Assignment #5: Connect to an IoT gateway using BLE        364

Assignment #6: Simple home automation             366

Assignment #7: Smart toy system             368

Assignment #8: Controlling a smart tank system using LoRaWAN technology         370

Assignment #9: Building IoT systems using Cisco Packet tracer     372

Assignment #10: Building a digital twin in the cloud          375

Solutions             377

Abbreviations    431

Index    437

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