Fundamentals of Microfluidics and Lab on a Chip for Biological Analysis and Discovery

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ISBN: 9781439818558 | 143981855X
Cover: Nonspecific Binding
Copyright: 2/24/2010

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This comprehensive textbook presents the fundamentals of microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems and provides an overview of the available technology, its limitations, and its breakthroughs. It emphasizes analytical applications of microfluidic technology and provides in-depth coverage of micromachining, nucleic acids, and mass spectrometry. It also covers more recent advances in microdrops and nanoparticles. Ideal for students, the text includes historical background, expanded problem sets in each chapter, a comprehensive glossary, a complete index, and extensive references.

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
About the Author	p. xv
Introduction	p. 1
Micromachining Methods	p. 3
Micromachining of Silicon	p. 3
Etching of Si Microchannels	p. 3
Bonding of Si Chips	p. 5
Micromachining of Glass	p. 5
Etching of Glass Microchannels	p. 7
Drilling of Glass for Access-Hole Formation	p. 11
Glass Bonding	p. 13
Micromachining of Fused Quartz (or Fused Silica)	p. 15
Fused Quartz Channel Etching and Hole Drilling	p. 15
Bonding of Fused Quartz Chips	p. 15
Micromachining of Polymeric Chips	p. 16
Casting	p. 17
Injection Molding	p. 24
Ablation	p. 24
Wire Imprinting	p. 27
Compression Molding	p. 28
Photopolymerization	p. 29
Other Plastic Micromachining Processes	p. 31
Problems Encountered in Polymeric Chips	p. 33
Optical Properties	p. 33
Electrical Properties	p. 33
Thermal Properties	p. 33
Mechanical Properties	p. 34
Surface Properties	p. 35
Solvent-Resistant Properties	p. 37
Metal Patterning	p. 37
World-to-Chip Interface	p. 40
Problem Sets	p. 43
Microfluidic Flow	p. 47
Liquid Pumping Methods	p. 47
Electroosmotic Flow (EOF)	p. 47
Pressure-Driven Flow	p. 47
Centrifugal Pumping	p. 50
Alternative Pumping Principles	p. 50
EOF-Induced Flow	p. 50
Electrochemical Bubble Generation	p. 51
Thermally Induced Pumping	p. 54
Surface Energy	p. 54
Pneumatic Control	p. 54
Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Pumping	p. 54
Evaporation	p. 56
Miscellaneous Pumping Methods	p. 56
Microfluidic Flow Modeling Study	p. 57
Microfluidic Flow Control	p. 59
Surface Modifications for Flow Control	p. 59
Laminar Flow for Liquid Extraction and Microfabrication	p. 61
Generation of Concentration and Temperature Gradients	p. 63
Flow Switching	p. 66
Fluid Mixing	p. 75
Diffusive Mixing	p. 75
Chaotic Advection	p. 77
Oscillating Flow	p. 80
Acoustic Mixing	p. 81
Other Mixing Methods	p. 83
Liquid Dispensing	p. 84
Problem Sets	p. 86
Sample Introduction	p. 87
Electrokinetic Injection	p. 87
Pinched Injection	p. 88
Gated Injection	p. 93
Hydrodynamic Injection	p. 99
Other Sample Injection Methods	p. 102
Problem Sets	p. 103
Sample Preconcentration	p. 105
Sample Stacking	p. 105
Extraction	p. 106
Porous Membrane	p. 110
Other Preconcentration Methods	p. 113
Problem Sets	p. 119
Separation	p. 121
Gas Chromatography (GC)	p. 121
Capillary Electrophoresis (CE)	p. 121
Free-Solution Capillary Electrophoresis (FSCE)	p. 121
Capillary Gel Electrophoresis (CGE)	p. 129
Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography (MECC)	p. 133
Isotachophoresis (ITP)	p. 135
Capillary Electrochromatography (CEC)	p. 137
Synchronized Cyclic Capillary Electrophoresis (SCCE)	p. 142
Free-Flow Electrophoresis (FFE)	p. 145
Derivatizations for CE for Separations	p. 147
Precolumn Derivatization	p. 147
Postcolumn Derivatization	p. 148
Chromatographic Separations	p. 148
Coupled Separations	p. 150
Fraction Collection	p. 150
Two-Dimensional Separations	p. 153
Problem Sets	p. 158
Detection Methods	p. 159
Optical Detection Methods	p. 159
Fluorescence Detection	p. 159
Single-Channel Fluorescence Detection	p. 159
Scanning Detector	p. 161
Background Reduction	p. 162
Photobleaching Effect	p. 163
Integrated Fluorescent Detector	p. 163
Indirect Fluorescent Detection	p. 165
Multiple-Point Fluorescent Detection	p. 165
Absorbance Detection	p. 168
Plasma Emission Detection	p. 171
Chemiluminescence (CL) Detector	p. 173
Refractive Index (RI)	p. 176
Thermal Lens Microscope (TLM)	p. 177
Raman Scattering	p. 177
Surface-Plasmon Resonance	p. 178
Infrared Detection	p. 178
Electrochemical (EC) Detection	p. 178
Amperometric Detection	p. 178
Voltammetric Detection	p. 184
Potentiometric Detection	p. 185
Conductivity Detection	p. 187
Mass Spectrometry (MS)	p. 189
Electrospray Ionization (ESI)	p. 189
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)	p. 194
Other Detection Methods	p. 199
Thermal Detection	p. 199
Acoustic Wave Detection	p. 199
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)	p. 200
Problem Sets	p. 209
Applications to Cellular/Particle Analysis	p. 213
Retention of Cells and Particles	p. 213
Slit-Type Filters	p. 213
Weir-Type Filters	p. 215
Cell Adhesion	p. 222
Polymer Entrapment	p. 226
Three-Dimensional Flow Control	p. 227
Optical Trapping of Cells	p. 229
Dielectrophoresis (DEP)	p. 231
Studies of Cells in a Flow	p. 236
Other Cell Operations	p. 243
Cell Culture	p. 243
Electroporation	p. 246
Chip Cleaning and Sterilization	p. 246
Prevention of Cell Adhesion	p. 246
Problem Sets	p. 247
Applications to Nucleic Acids Analysis	p. 249
Nucleic Acids Extraction and Purification	p. 249
Nucleic Acids Amplification	p. 249
DNA Amplification	p. 249
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)	p. 249
Surface Passivation of PCR Chambers	p. 251
Integrated DNA Analysis Microsystems	p. 256
Real-Time PCR	p. 259
Flow-Through PCR	p. 260
Other DNA Amplification Techniques	p. 263
RNA Amplification	p. 264
DNA Hybridization	p. 265
Microchannel DNA Hybridization	p. 265
Microarray DNA Hybridization	p. 268
Other Nucleic Acid Applications	p. 269
DNA Sequencing	p. 269
Genetic Analysis	p. 272
Separation of Large DNA Molecules	p. 275
Problem Sets	p. 284
Applications to Protein Analysis	p. 285
Immunoassay	p. 285
Homogeneous Immunoassay	p. 285
Heterogeneous Immunoassay	p. 290
Protein Separation	p. 295
Enzymatic Assays	p. 297
Assay of the Enzymes	p. 297
Assay of Analytes alter Enzymatic Reactions	p. 302
Problem Sets	p. 306
References	p. 307
Glossary	p. 357
Appendix: Analytical Applications of Microfluidic Technology	p. 365
Index	p. 385
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Fundamentals of Microfluidics and Lab on a Chip for Biological Analysis and Discovery

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