- ISBN: 9781119460152 | 1119460158
- Cover: Loose-leaf
- Copyright: 12/11/2017
The first volume of a two-volume text that helps students understand physics concepts and scientific problem-solving Volume 1 of the Fundamentals of Physics, 11th Edition helps students embark on an understanding of physics. This loose-leaf text covers a full range of topics, including: measurement, vectors, motion, and force. It also discusses energy, rotation, equilibrium, gravitation, and oscillations as well temperature and heat. The First and Second Law of Thermodynamics are presented, as is the Kinetic Theory of Gases. The text problems, questions, and provided solutions guide students in improving their problem-solving skills.
1 Measurement 1
1-1 Measuring Things, Including Lengths 1
What is Physics? 1
Measuring Things 1
The International System of Units 2
Changing Units 3
Length 3
Significant Figures and Decimal Places 4
1-2 Time 5
Time 5
1-3 Mass 6
Mass 6
Review & Summary 8
Problems 8
2 Motion Along a Straight Line 13
2-1 Position, Displacement, and Average Velocity 13
What is Physics? 13
Motion 14
Position and Displacement 14
Average Velocity and Average Speed 15
2-2 Instantaneous Velocity and Speed 18
Instantaneous Velocity and Speed 18
2-3 Acceleration 20
Acceleration 20
2-4 Constant Acceleration 23
Constant Acceleration: A Special Case 23
Another Look at Constant Acceleration 26
2-5 Free-Fall Acceleration 27
Free-Fall Acceleration 27
2-6 Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis 29
Graphical Integration in Motion Analysis 29
Review & Summary 30
Questions 31
Problems 32
3 Vectors 40
3-1 Vectors and Their Components 40
What is Physics? 40
Vectors and Scalars 40
Adding Vectors Geometrically 41
Components of Vectors 42
3-2 Unit Vectors, Adding Vectors by Components 46
Unit Vectors 46
Adding Vectors by Components 46
Vectors and the Laws of Physics 47
3-3 Multiplying Vectors 50
Multiplying Vectors 50
Review & Summary 55
Questions 56
Problems 57
4 Motion in Two and Three Dimensions 62
4-1 Position and Displacement 62
What is Physics? 62
Position and Displacement 63
4-2 Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity 64
Average Velocity and Instantaneous Velocity 65
4-3 Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration 67
Average Acceleration and Instantaneous Acceleration 68
4-4 Projectile Motion 70
Projectile Motion 70
4-5 Uniform Circular Motion 76
Uniform Circular Motion 76
4-6 Relative Motion in One Dimension 78
Relative Motion in One Dimension 78
4-7 Relative Motion in Two Dimensions 80
Relative Motion in Two Dimensions 80
Review & Summary 81
Questions 82
Problems 84
5 Force and Motion—I 94
5-1 Newton’s First and Second Laws 94
What is Physics? 94
Newtonian Mechanics 95
Newton’s First Law 95
Force 96
Mass 97
Newton’s Second Law 98
5-2 Some Particular Forces 102
Some Particular Forces 102
5-3 Applying Newton’s Laws 106
Newton’s Third Law 106
Applying Newton’s Laws 108
Review & Summary 114
Questions 114
Problems 116
6 Force and Motion—II 124
6-1 Friction 124
What is Physics? 124
Friction 124
Properties of Friction 127
6-2 The Drag Force and Terminal Speed 130
The Drag Force and Terminal Speed 130
6-3 Uniform Circular Motion 133
Uniform Circular Motion 133
Review & Summary 138
Questions 139
Problems 140
7 Kinetic Energy and Work 149
7-1 Kinetic Energy 149
What is Physics? 149
What is Energy? 149
Kinetic Energy 150
7-2 Work and Kinetic Energy 151
Work 151
Work and Kinetic Energy 152
7-3 Work Done by the Gravitational Force 155
Work Done by the Gravitational Force 156
7-4 Work Done by a Spring Force 159
Work Done by a Spring Force 159
7-5 Work Done by a General Variable Force 162
Work Done by a General Variable Force 162
7-6 Power 166
Power 166
Review & Summary 168
Questions 169
Problems 170
8 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy 177
8-1 Potential Energy 177
What is Physics? 177
Work and Potential Energy 178
Path Independence of Conservative Forces 179
Determining Potential Energy Values 181
8-2 Conservation of Mechanical Energy 184
Conservation of Mechanical Energy 184
8-3 Reading a Potential Energy Curve 187
Reading a Potential Energy Curve 187
8-4 Work Done On a System by an External Force 191
Work Done on a System by an External Force 192
8-5 Conservation of Energy 195
Conservation of Energy 195
Review & Summary 199
Questions 200
Problems 202
9 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum 214
9-1 Center of Mass 214
What is Physics? 214
The Center of Mass 215
9-2 Newton’s Second Law for a System of Particles 220
Newton’s Second Law for a System of Particles 220
9-3 Linear Momentum 224
Linear Momentum 224
The Linear Momentum of a System of Particles 225
9-4 Collision and Impulse 226
Collision and Impulse 226
9-5 Conservation of Linear Momentum 230
Conservation of Linear Momentum 230
9-6 Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions 233
Momentum and Kinetic Energy in Collisions 233
Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension 234
9-7 Elastic Collisions in One Dimension 237
Elastic Collisions in One Dimension 237
9-8 Collisions in Two Dimensions 240
Collisions in Two Dimensions 240
9-9 Systems with Varying Mass: A Rocket 241
Systems with Varying Mass: A Rocket 241
Review & Summary 243
Questions 245
Problems 246
10 Rotation 257
10-1 Rotational Variables 257
What is Physics? 258
Rotational Variables 259
Are Angular Quantities Vectors? 264
10-2 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration 266
Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration 266
10-3 Relating The Linear and Angular Variables 268
Relating the Linear and Angular Variables 268
10-4 Kinetic Energy of Rotation 271
Kinetic Energy of Rotation 271
10-5 Calculating the Rotational Inertia 273
Calculating the Rotational Inertia 273
10-6 Torque 277
Torque 278
10-7 Newton’s Second Law for Rotation 279
Newton’s Second Law for Rotation 279
10-8 Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy 282
Work and Rotational Kinetic Energy 282
Review & Summary 285
Questions 286
Problems 287
11 Rolling, Torque, and Angular Momentum 295
11-1 Rolling as Translation and Rotation Combined 295
What is Physics? 295
Rolling as Translation and Rotation Combined 295
11-2 Forces and Kinetic Energy of Rolling 298
The Kinetic Energy of Rolling 298
The Forces of Rolling 299
11-3 The Yo-Yo 301
The Yo-Yo 302
11-4 Torque Revisited 302
Torque Revisited 303
11-5 Angular Momentum 305
Angular Momentum 305
11-6 Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form 307
Newton’s Second Law in Angular Form 307
11-7 Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body 310
The Angular Momentum of a System of Particles 310
The Angular Momentum of a Rigid Body Rotating About a Fixed Axis 311
11-8 Conservation of Angular Momentum 312
Conservation of Angular Momentum 312
11-9 Precession of a Gyroscope 317
Precession of a Gyroscope 317
Review & Summary 318
Questions 319
Problems 320
12 Equilibrium and Elasticity 327
12-1 Equilibrium 327
What is Physics? 327
Equilibrium 327
The Requirements of Equilibrium 329
The Center of Gravity 330
12-2 Some Examples of Static Equilibrium 332
Some Examples of Static Equilibrium 332
12-3 Elasticity 338
Indeterminate Structures 338
Elasticity 339
Review & Summary 343 Questions 343 Problems 345
13 Gravitation 354
13-1 Newton’s Law of Gravitation 354
What is Physics? 354
Newton’s Law of Gravitation 355
13-2 Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition 357
Gravitation and the Principle of Superposition 357
13-3 Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface 359
Gravitation Near Earth’s Surface 360
13-4 Gravitation Inside Earth 362
Gravitation Inside Earth 363
13-5 Gravitational Potential Energy 364
Gravitational Potential Energy 364
13-6 Planets and Satellites: Kepler’s Laws 368
Planets and Satellites: Kepler’s Laws 369
13-7 Satellites: Orbits and Energy 371
Satellites: Orbits and Energy 371
13-8 Einstein and Gravitation 374
Einstein and Gravitation 374
Review & Summary 376
Questions 377
Problems 378
14 Fluids 386
14-1 Fluids, Density, and Pressure 386
What is Physics? 386
What is a Fluid? 386
Density and Pressure 387
14-2 Fluids at Rest 388
Fluids at Rest 389
14-3 Measuring Pressure 392
Measuring Pressure 392
14-4 Pascal’s Principle 393
Pascal’s Principle 393
14-5 Archimedes’ Principle 394
Archimedes’ Principle 395
14-6 The Equation of Continuity 398
Ideal Fluids in Motion 398
The Equation of Continuity 399
14-7 Bernoulli’s Equation 401
Bernoulli’s Equation 401
Review & Summary 405
Questions 405
Problems 406
15 Oscillations 413
15-1 Simple Harmonic Motion 413
What is Physics? 414
Simple Harmonic Motion 414
The Force Law for Simple Harmonic Motion 419
15-2 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion 421
Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion 421
15-3 An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator 423
An Angular Simple Harmonic Oscillator 423
15-4 Pendulums, Circular Motion 424
Pendulums 425
Simple Harmonic Motion and Uniform Circular Motion 428
15-5 Damped Simple Harmonic Motion 430
Damped Simple Harmonic Motion 430
15-6 Forced Oscillations and Resonance 432
Forced Oscillations and Resonance 432
Review & Summary 434
Questions 434
Problems 436
16 Waves—I 444
16-1 Transverse Waves 444
What is Physics? 445
Types of Waves 445
Transverse and Longitudinal Waves 445
Wavelength and Frequency 446
The Speed of a Traveling Wave 449
16-2 Wave Speed On a Stretched String 452
Wave Speed on a Stretched String 452
16-3 Energy and Power of a Wave Traveling Along a String 454
Energy and Power of a Wave Traveling Along a String 454
16-4 The Wave Equation 456
The Wave Equation 456
16-5 Interference of Waves 458
The Principle of Superposition for Waves 458
Interference of Waves 459
16-6 Phasors 462
Phasors 462
16-7 Standing Waves and Resonance 465
Standing Waves 465
Standing Waves and Resonance 467
Review & Summary 470
Questions 471
Problems 472
17 Waves—II 479
17-1 Speed of Sound 479
What is Physics? 479
Sound Waves 479
The Speed of Sound 480
17-2 Traveling Sound Waves 482
Traveling Sound Waves 482
17-3 Interference 485
Interference 485
17-4 Intensity and Sound Level 488
Intensity and Sound Level 489
17-5 Sources of Musical Sound 492
Sources of Musical Sound 493
17-6 Beats 496
Beats 497
17-7 The Doppler Effect 498
The Doppler Effect 499
17-8 Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves 503
Supersonic Speeds, Shock Waves 503
Review & Summary 504
Questions 505
Problems 506
18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics 514
18-1 Temperature 514
What is Physics? 514
Temperature 515
The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 515
Measuring Temperature 516
18-2 The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales 518
The Celsius and Fahrenheit Scales 518
18-3 Thermal Expansion 520
Thermal Expansion 520
18-4 Absorption of Heat 522
Temperature and Heat 523
The Absorption of Heat by Solids and Liquids 524
18-5 The First Law of Thermodynamics 528
A Closer Look at Heat and Work 528
The First Law of Thermodynamics 531
Some Special Cases of the First Law of Thermodynamics 532
18-6 Heat Transfer Mechanisms 534
Heat Transfer Mechanisms 534
Review & Summary 538
Questions 540
Problems 541
19 The Kinetic Theory of Gases 549
19-1 Avogadro’s Number 549
What is Physics? 549
Avogadro’s Number 550
19-2 Ideal Gases 550
Ideal Gases 551
19-3 Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed 554
Pressure, Temperature, and RMS Speed 554
19-4 Translational Kinetic Energy 557
Translational Kinetic Energy 557
19-5 Mean Free Path 558
Mean Free Path 558
19-6 The Distribution of Molecular Speeds 560
The Distribution of Molecular Speeds 561
19-7 The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas 564
The Molar Specific Heats of an Ideal Gas 564
19-8 Degrees of Freedom and Molar Specific Heats 568
Degrees of Freedom and Molar Specific Heats 568
A Hint of Quantum Theory 570
19-9 The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas 571
The Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas 571
Review & Summary 575
Questions 576
Problems 577
20 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics 583
20-1 Entropy 583
What is Physics? 584
Irreversible Processes and Entropy 584
Change in Entropy 585
The Second Law of Thermodynamics 588
20-2 Entropy in the Real World: Engines 590
Entropy in the Real World: Engines 590
20-3 Refrigerators and Real Engines 595
Entropy in the Real World: Refrigerators 596
The Efficiencies of Real Engines 597
20-4 A Statistical View of Entropy 598
A Statistical View of Entropy 598
Review & Summary 602
Questions 603
Problems 604
Appendices
A The International System of Units (SI) A-1
B Some Fundamental Constants of Physics A-3
C Some Astronomical Data A-4
D Conversion Factors A-5
E Mathematical Formulas A-9
F Properties of the Elements A-12
G Periodic Table of the Elements A-15
Student Solutions Manual 1-125
Answers
To Checkpoints and Odd-Numbered Questions and Problems AN-1
Index I-1
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