Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology

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ISBN: 9780123302229 | 0123302226
Cover: Hardcover
Copyright: 10/28/1997

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Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology focuses on providing basic information integrated from both toxicology and pathology dealing with the mechanisms of toxic injury and morphologic expression of that injury at the subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels. This text is an enhanced and edited version of the Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, creating a more concise and affordable text ideal for graduate students of toxicologic pathology and scientists working in academia or industry. Key Features * Fills the need for a basic textbook in toxicologic pathology * Addresses basic principles of toxicologic pathology and deals systematically with organ-specific injuries * Provides the student a glimpse of lesions caused by toxicants, and whenever possible, to elaborate on the mechanisms which cause those lesions

Preface

(2)

Acknowledgments

xiii

1. Toxicologic Pathology: An Introduction

(15)

I. Toxicologic Pathology

(1)

II. The Effect of the Body on the Chemical

(1)

III. The Interaction of the Chemical and the Body

(1)

IV. Pathology: The Response of the Body to Injury

(8)

V. Morphologic Evaluation of Toxicity

(2)

Suggested Reading

(2)

2. Chemical Carcinogenesis

(21)

I. Nomenclature of Neoplasms

(1)

II. Spectrum of Proliferative Lesions

(2)

III. Steps in the Neoplastic Process

(3)

IV. Hypotheses of Mode of Action of Chemical Carcinogens

(2)

V. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes in Chemical Carcinogenesis

(4)

VI. Tests for Carcinogenic Potential of Chemicals

(4)

VII. Conclusion

(32)

Suggested Reading

(1)

Glossary

(4)

3. Skin and Oral Mucosa

(20)

PART I. SKIN

(17)

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Structure and Function of Skin

(3)

III. Mechanisms of Cutaneous Toxicity

(4)

IV. Response of Skin to Injury

(6)

V. Evaluation of Cutaneous Toxicity

(3)

PART II. ORAL MUCOSA

(2)

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Structure and Function of Oral Mucosa

(1)

III. Mechanisms of Mucosal Toxicity

(1)

IV. Response of Oral Mucosa to Injury

(2)

V. Evaluation of Oral Toxicity

(1)

Suggested Reading

(1)

4. Gastrointestinal Tract

(34)

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Structure and Function of Gastrointestinal Tract

(12)

III. Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Toxicity

(6)

IV. Response of Gastrointestinal Tract to Injury

(10)

V. Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Toxicity

(3)

Suggested Reading

(2)

5. Respiratory System

(36)

I. Introduction

(1)

II. Structure and Cell Biology

(13)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

105

(3)

IV. Response to Injury

108

(14)

V. Testing for Toxicity

122

(4)

Suggested Reading

126

(1)

6. Hepatobiliary System

127

(26)

I. Introduction

127

(1)

II. Structure and Function

128

(2)

III. Cellular Mechanisms of Toxicity

130

(1)

IV. Nonneoplastic Responses to Injury

131

(14)

V. Hepatic Neoplasia

145

(4)

VI. Testing for Toxicity

149

(2)

VII. Summary and Conclusions

151

(1)

Suggested Reading

151

(2)

7. The Kidney

153

(41)

I. Introduction

153

(1)

II. Renal Structure and Function

154

(8)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

162

(21)

IV. Response to Injury

183

(5)

V. Testing for Kidney and Urinary Tract Toxicity

188

(2)

VI. Conclusion

190

(1)

Suggested Reading

191

(3)

8. Pancreas

194

(21)

PART I. EXOCRINE PANCREAS

194

(10)

I. Introduction

194

(1)

II. Normal Structure of Exocrine Pancreas

194

(1)

III. Physiology of Exocrine Pancrease

195

(2)

IV. Mechanisms of Exocrine Pancreatic Toxicity

197

(1)

V. Response of Exocrine Pancreas to Injury

197

(5)

VI. Evaluation of Exocrine Pancreatic Toxicity

202

(2)

VII. Summary and Conclusions

204

(1)

PART II. ENDOCRINE PANCREAS

204

(9)

I. Structure of Endocrine Pancreas

204

(3)

II. Physiology of Endocrine Pancreas

207

(1)

III. Mechanisms of Endocrine Pancreatic Toxicity

208

(2)

IV. Response of Endocrine Pancreas to Injury

210

(2)

V. Evaluation of Endocrine Pancreatic Toxicity

212

(1)

VI. Summary and Conclusions

212

(1)

Suggested Reading

213

(2)

9. Blood and Bone Marrow

215

(18)

I. Introduction

215

(1)

II. Structure and Cell Biology

215

(7)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

222

(1)

IV. Response to Injury

223

(7)

V. Evaluation of Bone Marrow Toxicity

230

(1)

VI. Summary and Conclusions

231

(1)

Suggested Reading

232

(1)

10. Immune System

233

(42)

I. Introduction

233

(1)

II. Function and Structure of the Immune System

234

(13)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity and Response to Injury

247

(11)

IV. Morphology of the Response to Toxic Injury

258

(11)

V. Testing for Immunotoxicity

269

(3)

VI. Summary

272

(1)

Suggested Reading

272

(3)

11. Skeletal System

275

(35)

I. Introduction

275

(1)

II. Skeletal Structure and Composition

276

(2)

III. Bone Physiology and Function

278

(3)

IV. Mechanisms of Toxicity

281

(6)

V. Response of the Skeleton to Toxic Injury

287

(15)

VI. Evaluation of Skeletal Toxicity

302

(5)

VII. Summary

307

(1)

Suggested Reading

308

(2)

12. Cardiovascular and Skeletal Muscle Systems

310

(45)

PART I. HEART

310

(25)

I. Introduction

310

(1)

II. Structure and Function

310

(5)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

315

(6)

IV. Response to Injury

321

(10)

V. Testing for Toxicity

331

(4)

PART II. VESSELS

335

(10)

I. Introduction

335

(1)

II. Structure and Function

335

(2)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

337

(3)

IV. Response to Injury

340

(3)

V. Evaluation of Vasotoxic Effects

343

(2)

PART III. SKELETAL MUSCLE

345

(8)

I. Introduction

345

(1)

II. Structure and Function

345

(2)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

347

(2)

IV. Response to Injury

349

(3)

V. Evaluation of the Effects of Xenobiotics on Skeletal Muscle

352

(1)

Suggested Reading

353

(2)

13. Nervous System

355

(40)

I. Introduction

355

(1)

II. Structure and Function

356

(6)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

362

(4)

IV. Response to Injury

366

(25)

V. Testing for Toxicity

391

(1)

VI. Use of Animals as Models for Human Neurotoxicity

392

(1)

Suggested Reading

393

(2)

14. Endocrine System

395

(48)

I. Introduction

395

(1)

II. Adrenal Cortex

396

(11)

III. Adrenal Medulla

407

(4)

IV. Pituitary Gland

411

(3)

V. Thyroid C Cells

414

(4)

VI. Thyroid Follicular Cells

418

(17)

VII. Parathyroid Gland

435

(6)

Suggested Reading

441

(2)

15. Male Reproductive System

443

(42)

I. Introduction

443

(1)

II. Structure and Cell Biology

444

(16)

III. Physiology and Functional Considerations

460

(4)

IV. Mechanisms of Toxicity

464

(4)

V. Response to Injury

468

(9)

VI. Testing for Toxicity

477

(6)

VII. Conclusions

483

(1)

Suggested Reading

483

(2)

16. Female Reproductive System

485

(30)

I. Introduction

485

(1)

II. Structure and Functional Physiology

486

(8)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

494

(7)

IV. Response to Injury

501

(11)

V. Testing for Toxicity

512

(2)

VI. Summary

514

(1)

Suggested Reading

514

(1)

17. Fetus

515

(28)

I. Introduction

515

(1)

II. Normal Morphologic Development

516

(3)

III. Mechanisms of Toxicity

519

(3)

IV. Response to Injury

522

(6)

V. Selected Malformations

528

(10)

VI. Teratogenicity Testing and Risk Assessment

538

(3)

VII. Conclusions

541

(1)

Suggested Reading

541

(2)

Index

543

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Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials